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academic weapon > KINES: Ankle and Foot > Flashcards

KINES: Ankle and Foot Flashcards

1
Q

how many bones make up the ankle and foot complex

A

28 bones

tibia, fibula
talus, calcaneus, cuboid, navicular, 3 cuneiforms
5 MTT, 14 phalanges

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2
Q

how many joints in one extremity

A

25 joints

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3
Q

aka the forgotten joint

A

proximal TF joint

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4
Q

type of joint of superior TF joint

A

plane synovial

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5
Q

significance of superior TF joint to knee pain

A

malalignments in this joint can lead to chronic knee pain

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6
Q

type of joint of inferior TF joint

A

syndesmosis - only allows small movement bcs connected by fibrous tissue

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7
Q

what forms the hindfoot

A

fibula. tibia, talus and calcaneus

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8
Q

what forms the midfoot

A

tarsal bones

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9
Q

what forms the forefoot

A

MTT and phalanges

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10
Q

what makes up the talocrural jont

A

distal tibia and fibula and talar bone

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11
Q

type of joint of talocrural jont

A

hinge - dflex and pflex

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12
Q

CPP of talocrural jont

A

full dflex

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13
Q

OPP of talocrural jont

A

10 deg pflex midway eversion/inversion

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14
Q

what is the ankle mortis

A

distal tibia and fibula - lateral and medial malleoli

sa talocrural joint toh

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15
Q

proximal aspect of body of talus

A

trochlea

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16
Q

3 articular surfaces of talus

A

large lateral facet - fibula
small medial facet tibia
dome - superior facet for tibia

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17
Q

what is the fick’s angle

A

in normal angle naka toe out bcs of tibial ER

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18
Q

what is the cause of fick’s angle

A

lateral malleolus is more distal and posterior kaya mapapa ER yung orientation ng tibia

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19
Q

normal value of fick’s angle

A

12-18 degrees

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20
Q

normal value of fick’s angle in children

A

5 degrees

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21
Q

assessment for fick’s angle

A

look at posterior view - dpat 3 toes lng kita

more than 3 = + excessive ER of tibia

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22
Q

what is the talocrural axis

A

oblique orientation of talocrural joint - kaya 3 planes ang dflex and pflex

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23
Q

value for talocrural axis

A

14 deg

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24
Q

cause of talocrural axis

A

kase mas mababa lateral malleoli or tibia kaya oblique if cconnect medial to lateral malleoli

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25
Q

coupled movement of talocrural in non WB

A

DF w eversion
PF w inversion

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26
Q

coupled movement of talocrural in WB

A

DF w inversion and IR
PF w eversion and ER

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27
Q

DOF of talocrural joint

A

DF/PF - 1

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28
Q

what is subtalar joint

A

betw talus and calcaneus

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29
Q

type joint of subtalar

A

plane - inversion/eversion - but complex

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30
Q

what makes the subtalar joint complex

A

large posterior articulation = concave talus and convex calcaneus

small anterior articulation = 2 convex facets of talus and calcaneus

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31
Q

what is the sinus tarsi

A

houses the proprioceptive center sa lateral subtalar joint - reccuring inversion/eversion injury = diminished proprioceptive ability

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32
Q

what is tarsal canal

A

on lateral of foot; funnel shaped

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33
Q

large end of sinus tarsi

A

anterior to lat malleolus

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34
Q

small end of sinus tarsi

A

below medial malleolus

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35
Q

what is the sustentaculum tali

A

bony prominence palpable close to smaller end or sinus tarsi - landmark

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36
Q

what makes up the transverse tarsal joint

A

calcaneocuboid joint and talonavicular joint

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37
Q

function of transverse tarsal joint

A

S shaped - abd and add of forefoot

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38
Q

what is the oblique axis of tranverse tarsal joint

A

from navicular tub to center of calcaneus oblique sha = motions occur in 3 planes

39
Q

composite motions of transverse tarsal in non WB

A

supination - calcaneal adduction, inversion and pflex

pronation - calcaneal abduction, eversion and dflex

40
Q

composite motions of transverse tarsal in WB

A

supination - calcaneal inversion; talar abd and dflex and tibiofibular ER

pronation - calcaneal eversion, talar add and pflex and tibiofibular IR

41
Q

what forms the tasrometatarsal joint

A

tarsals, cuboid and 3 cuneiforms and base of MTT

41
Q

articulation of 1st TMT

A

medial cuneiform

42
Q

articulation of 2nd and 3rd TMT

A

middle cuneiform and lateral cuneiform

43
Q

articulation of 4th and 5th TMT

A

cuboid

44
Q

significance of tasrometatarsal joint

A

if may problem sa WB supination and pronation the TMT will adapt through twisting movements

supination and pronation twist

45
Q

explain supination twist

A

as hindfoot pronates - medial arch will flat and dflex of rays so para ma maintain yung contact magg iinvert or supination tiwst to compensate the flast arch

46
Q

explain pronation twist

A

hindfoot supinates - medial arch will be greater 1st and 2nd ray pflex 4th and 5th ray dflex

to maintain contact foot goes eversion or pronation twist to compensate

47
Q

type of joint of MTP joint

A

condyloid - convex MTT and concave phalanges

48
Q

what is index plus

A

1st MTT longer than the rest

49
Q

what is index minus

A

aka mortons foot - second MTT longer than rest

prone to stress fracture

50
Q

what is index plus-minus

A

1st and 2nd MTT equal in length

51
Q

DOF of MTP joint

A

2 - flex/ex, abd/add

52
Q

what is metatarsal break

A

MTP extends during walking to propel forward

53
Q

what is hallux rigidus

A

interferes w metatarsal break bcs not much ext happens

54
Q

what is hammer toe

A

excess ext of MTP tas flex IP joints

di nmn na aaffect metatarsal break but pressure of MT heads result to skin breakbown

55
Q

ligaments that get injured in high ankle sprain

A

crural tibiofibular interosseous
anterior and posterior tibiofibular
tibiofubular interosseous

56
Q

3 band of LCL

A

ATFL
PTFL
CFL

57
Q

mechanism of injury for ATFL

A

inversion pflex

58
Q

mechanism of injury for PTFL

A

dflex eversion

59
Q

mechanism of injury for CFL

A

inversion on neutral; sometimes in minimal dflex

60
Q

weakest among LCL

A

ATFL and PTFL is rarely torn

61
Q

ligaments of MCL

A

deltoid ligament

anterior and posterior tibiotalar
calcaneotibial
tibionavicular

62
Q

function of MCL

A

restrict eversion or valgus force

63
Q

between LCL and MCL what is stronger

A

MCL due to number of bands and close fibers

64
Q

describe stability of subtalar joint

A

relies mroe on bone config pero may lateral ligs naman

65
Q

lateral ligs of subtalar joint

A

calcaneofibular
lateral talocalcaneal
cervical
interosseous talocalcaneal

66
Q

strongest of the lateral ligs of subtalar joint

A

cervical

67
Q

main passive stabilizer of medial longitudinal arch

A

spring or plantar calcaneonavicular ligament

68
Q

lig of talonavicular joint

A

spring or plantar calcaneonavicular ligament

69
Q

lig of calcaneocuboid joint

A

calcaneocuboid ligament - lateral
dosral calcaneocuboid - dorsal
plantar calcaneocuboid - plantar

long plantar - plantar and lateral arch

70
Q

anterior compartment muscles

A

tib anterior

extensor digitorum longus and hallucis

peroneus tertius

71
Q

posterior compartment muscles - spuerficial

A

gastrocs and soleus - triceps surae
plantaris

72
Q

posterior compartment muscles - deep

A

flexor digitorum longus and hallucis longus

tib post

73
Q

lateral compartment muscles

A

peroneus longus and brevis

74
Q

dorsal compartment muscles

A

extensor digitorum brevis

75
Q

plantar compartment muscles - spuerficial

A

abd hallucis and digiti minimi
flexor digitorum brevis

76
Q

plantar compartment muscles - second

A

lumbrical and quadratus plantae

77
Q

plantar compartment muscles - third

A

flexor hallucis brevis and digit minimi
add hallucis

78
Q

plantar compartment muscles - deepest

A

interossei - 4 dorsal and 3 plantar

79
Q

function of arches in WB

A

adapts to surfaces and makes foot more rigid for weight distribition

80
Q

key stone of medial arch

A

talus

81
Q

dynamic support of medial arch

A

extrinsic and intrinsic muscles

82
Q

passive support of medial arch

A

spring, interosseous talocalcaneal, deltoid, plantar

83
Q

keystone of lateral arch

A

cuboid

84
Q

passive support of lateral arch

A

long and short plantar

85
Q

support of transverse arch

A

deep transverse MTT

86
Q

keystone of transverse arch

A

middle cuneiform

87
Q

what is plantar aponeurosis

A

from medial tub of calc to proximal phalanx of each toe

88
Q

importance of plantar apo

A

keeps integrity or arches bcs of tension

89
Q

what is windlass effect

A

tension of plantar fascia due to MTP hyper ex - draws hindfoot and MT together - raises arch

benificial during push off when plantar fascia is taut also stretches achilles = stretch reflex of gastroc - more efficient propel forward

90
Q

relate pes planus of windlass effect

A

limits MTP ext - dec windlass and lenthened plantar fascia

91
Q

what is plantar fasciatis

A

common in flat foot

inflammation of plantar fascia usually during 1st step in morning - sa calc or medial arch

92
Q

what is trabecular system

A

100% of weight from leg is recieved by talus

talus - calc - mid and forefoot

pressure in quiet stance is distributed equally to the hindfoot and forefoot - wlaking and running more pressure

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