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academic weapon > KINES: Normal Gait > Flashcards

KINES: Normal Gait Flashcards

1
Q

define locomotion

A

body is transported from one place to another

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2
Q

explain how locomotion happens

A

translatory progression thought coordinated movements of hip, knee, ankle and trunk and UE

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3
Q

define gait

A

upright locomotion by means of walking, jogging, running

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4
Q

define walking

A

gait in upright bipedal form

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5
Q

define ambulation

A

for clinical setting - whether person can wall w or w/o external assistance

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6
Q

major tasks of gait

A

maintain support of hat, upright posture, balance

control foot trajectory

generation of forward velocity

absorption of energy from GRF

decrease forward velocity

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7
Q

comprises 60% of total gait cycle

A

stance phase

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8
Q

comprises 40% of total gait cycle

A

swing phase

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9
Q

what does stance phase mean

A

reference foot is is contact w ground

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10
Q

traditional phases of stance phase of gait

A

heel strike - foot flat - midstance - heel off - toe off

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11
Q

RLA phases of stance phase of gait

A

initial contact - loading response - midstance - terminal stance - pre-swing

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12
Q

what is swing phase

A

where reference foot is no in contact w the ground

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13
Q

traditional phases of swing phase of gait

A

acceleration - midswing - deceleration

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14
Q

RLA phases of swing phase of gait

A

initial swing - midswing - terminal swing

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15
Q

define gait cycle

A

from R initial contact to R initial contact

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16
Q

discuss the timing on contralateral limb

ipsi - initial contact

A

end of terminal stance

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17
Q

discuss the timing on contralateral limb

ipsi - loading respinse

A

pre swing

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18
Q

discuss the timing on contralateral limb

ipsi - midstance

A

midswing

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19
Q

discuss the timing on contralateral limb

ipsi - terminal stance

A

terminal swing - initial contact

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20
Q

discuss the timing on contralateral limb

ipsi - pre-swing

A

initial response to loading response

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21
Q

define stance time

A

during stance phase of one extremity

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22
Q

define single support time

A

only one extremity is on ground - 2 instances in one gait cycle

right mid to terminal and left mid to terminal

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23
Q

define double support time

A

when both feet are on the ground - twice in once cycle

prior to loading response - 22% of entire cycle

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24
Q

define cadence

A

steps / time - usually 90-120/min

25
Q

define gait speed

A

rate of forward linear motion - distance/time

26
Q

change of walking velocity over time

A

walking acceleration

27
Q

step length

A

distance of step from R and L extremity

28
Q

stride length

A

distance covered by same foot

1 stride length - 1 gait cycle

29
Q

width of BOS

A

linear distance betw midpoint of heel and of other foot

normal: 5-10 cm

30
Q

normal value of degree of toe out

A

7-8 deg

intersecting center of heel and 2nd toe

31
Q

immature or mature gait

wider BOS

A

immature

32
Q

immature or mature gait

adequate BOS

A

mature

33
Q

immature or mature gait

UE high or medium guard

A

immature

34
Q

immature or mature gait

UE produces reciprocal arm swing

A

mature

35
Q

immature or mature gait

flat foot at contact and pronated foot in WB

A

immature

36
Q

immature or mature gait

heel strike at contact and adequate arch in WB

A

mature

37
Q

immature or mature gait

variable step length

A

immature

38
Q

immature or mature gait

less variable step length

A

mature gait

39
Q

immature or mature gait

hip FABER and excess knee flex at swing

A

immature

40
Q

immature or mature gait

sufficient foot clearance at swing

A

mature

41
Q

immature or mature gait

knee hyperex throughout stance

A

immtaure

42
Q

immature or mature gait

knee in semi flex during midstance

A

mature

43
Q

immature or mature gait

increased cadence

A

immature

44
Q

immature or mature gait

normal cadence

A

mature

45
Q

what are the determinants of gait

A

adjustments made by the body to keep COG displacement minimal

optimize COG and reduce energy consumption

46
Q

discuss vertical displacement of COG

A

lowest - heel strike and double support

highest - during midstance

47
Q

average lateral displacement of COG in gait

A

1.8-2 inches

48
Q

average vertical displacement of COG in gait

A

1.8-3 inches during midstance

49
Q

what are the six determinants of gait

A

pelvic rotation
pelvic tilt
knee flexion
knee mechanism/interactions
ankle and foot mechanism/interaction
lateral pelvic motion

50
Q

discuss pelvic rotation in gait

A

pelvis rotates forward and backward in transverse plane to prevent excessive drop of COG

IR on stance of LE
ER on wing of LE

51
Q

discuss lateral pelvic tilt in gait

A

downward pelvic tilt on swing leg at z-axis during midswing to prevent excessive rise of COG

adduction on stance

52
Q

discuss knee flexion in gait

A

initial contact - knee is extended

midstance - flexed at 15-20 deg; highest COG so mag flex to prevent COG rising and also for shock absorption and better energy use

53
Q

discuss knee, ankle and foot mechanisms/interaction in gait during heel strike

A

heel strike - knee extended - ankle neutral = lengthening oof leg that reduces drop of COG

54
Q

discuss knee, ankle and foot mechanisms/interaction in gait during toe off

A

toe off - ankle pflex - lenghtening of LE - reduces drop of COG

55
Q

discuss knee, ankle and foot mechanisms/interaction in gait

A

if leg lengthens - ankle will adapt kaya neutral

if leg shortens - ankle will pflex to stop shortening

56
Q

discuss lateral pelvic motion in gait

A

results to physiologic valgus of knee = reduces BOS

adduction on stance LE prevents excessive side-to-side movement of COG

57
Q

describe the stance phase in stair gait

A

when you start to give BW to leading extremity

pull up body and forward continuance

64%

58
Q

describe the stair phase in stair gait

A

as foot clearance occurs and when foot placement occurs

36%

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