KINES: Postural Control Flashcards
define posture
ability to maintain correct relationships betw body segments, body and environment for a task
what is the quadrupedal stance
BW is distributed in UE and LE - very stable
what is the bipedal stance
BW is transmitted through the vertebral column - reduces BOS
what are the effects of bipedal stance
inc heart rate
develops secondary curves
stability is challenged = needs adjustments
relate posture and COG
COG is dependent on body pos and it will affect posture
control mechanism will be made to adjust
what is static posture
maintained in one pos - sitting and standing
what is dynamic posture
body and segments are moving - walking and jumping
what is postural balance
ability to maintain the body in equilibrium in static/dynamic posture - muscles contract to avoid COM to move outside BOS
discuss reactive or compensatory postural control
body reacts to external force that displaces COM - when getting pushed you adjust your step
discuss proactive or anticipatory postural control
responds to anticipated destabilizing forces; di pa nag ccontact yung force - curve road body will moves to other direction
how does one challenge posture
perturbation - any sudden force that displaces body away from equilibrium
discuss sensory perturbation
eliminate visual inputs = automatic mechanism
slouching, using UE to feel environment, crouching, mga safety mechanisms
discuss mechanical perturbation
external forces that displaces COM
how does one respond to mechanical perturbation
body reacts by doing strategies or synergies
discuss fixed support strategies
feet remains on same point of ground and employs ankle or hip strategy
discuss ankle strategy
body will react to prevent too much dflex to avoid falling forward - for weak forces lng
discuss hip strategy
for stronger forces - relies more on the proximal segments
discuss change-in-support forces
one of the limbs steps forward to catch BOS - stepping strategy
grasping response - UE will grab to prevent falling; protective reaction
purpose of head stabilizing strategies
head adjusts for good orientation to environment in respect to body positions
discus head stabilization in space
change of head only - when trunk is bent head will straighten
discus head stabilization on trunk
head and trunk moves together - in car ganun
internal forces that affects posture
muscles and passive tension from static structures
external forces that affects posture
inertia
gravity
GRF
what is postural sway or sway envelop
constant swaying of in erect standing - due to inertia and gravity
when does GRF occur
when LE gets contact w ground and ground exerts same amount of force
describe postural control in ankle
anatomic position - LOG passes anterior to ankle and creates dflex moment
soleus will counteract and create a pflex moment
describe postural control in knee
LOG passes anterior to knee axis that creates an extension moment
posterior knee ligaments and posterior capsule will prevent hyperextension
soleus can also help by pulling tibia backwards
describe postural control in hip
LOG passes posterior to hip axis - creates posterior pelvic tilt
counteracted by anterior capsules and ligaments and the hip flexors
describe postural control in lumbar spine
LOG passes posterior = excessive lumbar lordosis
counteracted by abdominal muscles
describe postural control in thoracic spine
LOG passes anterior = erector spinae, traps, temporalis and soleus counteracts excessive kyphosis
describe postural control in cervical spine
LOG posterior - anterior cervical muscles and passive structures will counteract
describe postural control in mandible
gravity pulls in down but temporalis counteracts it
describe good posture
minimal COG development
less muscle activities and less support from passive structures
describe poor posture
excessive COG displacement
more muscle contraction and more stress on passive structures
describe poor posture
excessive COG displacement
more muscle contraction and more stress on passive structures
describe poor posture
excessive COG displacement
more muscle contraction and more stress on passive structures
effects of poor posture
muscles might get fatigued = strain
over stretch of passive structures = sprain
mag kaka postural pain syndrome
functional tasks to assess posture and balance during sitting
steady state - berg 1 sit
reactive - nudge
proactive - berg 2 sit-to-stand
functional tasks to assess posture and balance during standing
steady state - berg 3 stand
reactive - nudge
proactive - berg 6 functional reach test
functional tasks to assess posture and balance during walking
steady state - 10m walk
reactive - walk w pertubration
proactive - dynamic gait mag walk over obstacles
how does body morphology affect posture
taller - higher COG - unstable
heavier - more stable
how does age affect posture
toddlers - less balance
older - weaker muscles = postural issues
how does gender affect posture
males have more muscle bulk - more stable
how does pregnancy affect posture
baby inside womb shifts COG forward - challenging posture
how does occupation and recreation affect posture
occupation that requires more balance
sports also challenges balance
how does physical conditions affect posture
stroke - weak and balance issues
cerebral ataxia - balance problems
what is the LOG and external moment in atlanto-occipital in standing
anterior = flexion
what is the LOG and external moment in cervical in standing
posterior = extension
what is the LOG and external moment in thoracic in standing
anterior = flexion
what is the LOG and external moment in lumbar in standing
posterior = extension
what is the LOG and external moment in sacroiliac in standing
anterior = nutation
what is the LOG and external moment in hip in standing
posterior = extension
what is the LOG and external moment in knee in standing
anterior = extension
what is the LOG and external moment in ankle in standing
anterior = dorsiflexion
passive opposing forces in atlanto-occipital
ligamentum nuchae
alar ligaments
tectorial, atlantoaxial and posterior atlanto-occipital membranes
passive opposing forces in cervical
anterior longitudinal ligament
anterior anulus fibers
zygapophyseal capsule
passive opposing forces in thoracic
posterior longitudinal, supraspinous and interspinous ligaments
zygapophyseal capsule and posterior anulus fibers
passive opposing forces in lumbar
anterior longitudinal and iliolumbar ligaments
anterior fibers of anulus fibrous
zygapophyseal capsule
passive opposing forces in sacroiliac
sarcotuberous, sacrospinous, iliolumbar and anterior sacroiliac ligaments
passive opposing forces in hip
iliofemoral ligament
passive opposing forces in knee
posterior joint capsule
passive opposing forces in ankle
none
active opposing forces in atlanto-occipital
rectus capitus posteriors - major and minor
semispinalis, splenius capitus and cervicis
inferior and superior oblique
active opposing forces in cervical
anterior scalene, longus capitis and colli
active opposing forces in thoracic
ligamentum flavum
longissimus, iliocoastalis, spinalis and semi-spinalis thoracis
active opposing forces in lumbar
rectus abdominis
external and internal oblique
active opposing forces in sacroiliac
transversus abdominis
active opposing forces in hip
iliopsoas
active opposing forces in knee
hamstrings and gastrocs
active opposing forces in ankle
gastroc-soleus
