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academic weapon > KINES: Postural Control > Flashcards

KINES: Postural Control Flashcards

1
Q

define posture

A

ability to maintain correct relationships betw body segments, body and environment for a task

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2
Q

what is the quadrupedal stance

A

BW is distributed in UE and LE - very stable

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3
Q

what is the bipedal stance

A

BW is transmitted through the vertebral column - reduces BOS

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4
Q

what are the effects of bipedal stance

A

inc heart rate
develops secondary curves
stability is challenged = needs adjustments

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5
Q

relate posture and COG

A

COG is dependent on body pos and it will affect posture

control mechanism will be made to adjust

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6
Q

what is static posture

A

maintained in one pos - sitting and standing

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7
Q

what is dynamic posture

A

body and segments are moving - walking and jumping

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8
Q

what is postural balance

A

ability to maintain the body in equilibrium in static/dynamic posture - muscles contract to avoid COM to move outside BOS

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9
Q

discuss reactive or compensatory postural control

A

body reacts to external force that displaces COM - when getting pushed you adjust your step

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10
Q

discuss proactive or anticipatory postural control

A

responds to anticipated destabilizing forces; di pa nag ccontact yung force - curve road body will moves to other direction

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11
Q

how does one challenge posture

A

perturbation - any sudden force that displaces body away from equilibrium

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12
Q

discuss sensory perturbation

A

eliminate visual inputs = automatic mechanism

slouching, using UE to feel environment, crouching, mga safety mechanisms

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13
Q

discuss mechanical perturbation

A

external forces that displaces COM

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14
Q

how does one respond to mechanical perturbation

A

body reacts by doing strategies or synergies

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15
Q

discuss fixed support strategies

A

feet remains on same point of ground and employs ankle or hip strategy

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16
Q

discuss ankle strategy

A

body will react to prevent too much dflex to avoid falling forward - for weak forces lng

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17
Q

discuss hip strategy

A

for stronger forces - relies more on the proximal segments

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18
Q

discuss change-in-support forces

A

one of the limbs steps forward to catch BOS - stepping strategy

grasping response - UE will grab to prevent falling; protective reaction

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19
Q

purpose of head stabilizing strategies

A

head adjusts for good orientation to environment in respect to body positions

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20
Q

discus head stabilization in space

A

change of head only - when trunk is bent head will straighten

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21
Q

discus head stabilization on trunk

A

head and trunk moves together - in car ganun

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22
Q

internal forces that affects posture

A

muscles and passive tension from static structures

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23
Q

external forces that affects posture

A

inertia
gravity
GRF

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24
Q

what is postural sway or sway envelop

A

constant swaying of in erect standing - due to inertia and gravity

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25
Q

when does GRF occur

A

when LE gets contact w ground and ground exerts same amount of force

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26
Q

describe postural control in ankle

A

anatomic position - LOG passes anterior to ankle and creates dflex moment

soleus will counteract and create a pflex moment

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27
Q

describe postural control in knee

A

LOG passes anterior to knee axis that creates an extension moment

posterior knee ligaments and posterior capsule will prevent hyperextension

soleus can also help by pulling tibia backwards

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28
Q

describe postural control in hip

A

LOG passes posterior to hip axis - creates posterior pelvic tilt

counteracted by anterior capsules and ligaments and the hip flexors

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29
Q

describe postural control in lumbar spine

A

LOG passes posterior = excessive lumbar lordosis

counteracted by abdominal muscles

30
Q

describe postural control in thoracic spine

A

LOG passes anterior = erector spinae, traps, temporalis and soleus counteracts excessive kyphosis

31
Q

describe postural control in cervical spine

A

LOG posterior - anterior cervical muscles and passive structures will counteract

32
Q

describe postural control in mandible

A

gravity pulls in down but temporalis counteracts it

33
Q

describe good posture

A

minimal COG development
less muscle activities and less support from passive structures

34
Q

describe poor posture

A

excessive COG displacement
more muscle contraction and more stress on passive structures

35
Q

describe poor posture

A

excessive COG displacement
more muscle contraction and more stress on passive structures

35
Q

describe poor posture

A

excessive COG displacement
more muscle contraction and more stress on passive structures

36
Q

effects of poor posture

A

muscles might get fatigued = strain

over stretch of passive structures = sprain

mag kaka postural pain syndrome

37
Q

functional tasks to assess posture and balance during sitting

A

steady state - berg 1 sit

reactive - nudge

proactive - berg 2 sit-to-stand

38
Q

functional tasks to assess posture and balance during standing

A

steady state - berg 3 stand

reactive - nudge

proactive - berg 6 functional reach test

39
Q

functional tasks to assess posture and balance during walking

A

steady state - 10m walk

reactive - walk w pertubration

proactive - dynamic gait mag walk over obstacles

40
Q

how does body morphology affect posture

A

taller - higher COG - unstable
heavier - more stable

41
Q

how does age affect posture

A

toddlers - less balance
older - weaker muscles = postural issues

42
Q

how does gender affect posture

A

males have more muscle bulk - more stable

43
Q

how does pregnancy affect posture

A

baby inside womb shifts COG forward - challenging posture

44
Q

how does occupation and recreation affect posture

A

occupation that requires more balance

sports also challenges balance

45
Q

how does physical conditions affect posture

A

stroke - weak and balance issues

cerebral ataxia - balance problems

46
Q

what is the LOG and external moment in atlanto-occipital in standing

A

anterior = flexion

47
Q

what is the LOG and external moment in cervical in standing

A

posterior = extension

48
Q

what is the LOG and external moment in thoracic in standing

A

anterior = flexion

49
Q

what is the LOG and external moment in lumbar in standing

A

posterior = extension

50
Q

what is the LOG and external moment in sacroiliac in standing

A

anterior = nutation

51
Q

what is the LOG and external moment in hip in standing

A

posterior = extension

52
Q

what is the LOG and external moment in knee in standing

A

anterior = extension

53
Q

what is the LOG and external moment in ankle in standing

A

anterior = dorsiflexion

54
Q

passive opposing forces in atlanto-occipital

A

ligamentum nuchae
alar ligaments

tectorial, atlantoaxial and posterior atlanto-occipital membranes

55
Q

passive opposing forces in cervical

A

anterior longitudinal ligament
anterior anulus fibers
zygapophyseal capsule

56
Q

passive opposing forces in thoracic

A

posterior longitudinal, supraspinous and interspinous ligaments

zygapophyseal capsule and posterior anulus fibers

57
Q

passive opposing forces in lumbar

A

anterior longitudinal and iliolumbar ligaments

anterior fibers of anulus fibrous

zygapophyseal capsule

58
Q

passive opposing forces in sacroiliac

A

sarcotuberous, sacrospinous, iliolumbar and anterior sacroiliac ligaments

59
Q

passive opposing forces in hip

A

iliofemoral ligament

60
Q

passive opposing forces in knee

A

posterior joint capsule

61
Q

passive opposing forces in ankle

A

none

62
Q

active opposing forces in atlanto-occipital

A

rectus capitus posteriors - major and minor

semispinalis, splenius capitus and cervicis

inferior and superior oblique

63
Q

active opposing forces in cervical

A

anterior scalene, longus capitis and colli

64
Q

active opposing forces in thoracic

A

ligamentum flavum
longissimus, iliocoastalis, spinalis and semi-spinalis thoracis

65
Q

active opposing forces in lumbar

A

rectus abdominis

external and internal oblique

66
Q

active opposing forces in sacroiliac

A

transversus abdominis

67
Q

active opposing forces in hip

A

iliopsoas

68
Q

active opposing forces in knee

A

hamstrings and gastrocs

69
Q

active opposing forces in ankle

A

gastroc-soleus

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