Orbitals Flashcards
Areas where electrons are likely to be found
Orbitals
Different to accommodate the different # of electrons
Orbitals
Spherical area surrounding the nucleus
s orbital
Has a max of 2 electrons at a time
s orbital
Dumbbell-shaped area surrounding the nucleus
p orbital
Orbital has a max of 6 electrons at a time
p orbital
Flower-shaped area surrounding the nucleus
d orbital
Orbital has a max of 10 electrons at a time
d orbital
Irregularly-shaped area surrounding the nucleus
f orbital
Orbital has a max of 14 electrons at a time
f orbital
The # of ____ an element has is the same as the period # it has on the periodic table
Orbitals
Orbitals are filled in order of _____ energy
Increasing
_ orbital is always filled first, then __
S; P
Located in the outermost shell of an atom readily participate in chemical reactions
Valence Electrons
Elements are most stable when they have a ____ valence shell
Full
Elements such as ____ have a full valence shell and are extremely stable
Helium
Elements such as ____ have only 1 valence electron in shell
Sodium
When atoms are less stable they are readily able to give up their ____ in order to achieve stability for particular atom
Electron
Formed when atoms trade electrons in order to achieve stability
Ionic Bonds
Formed when atoms share electrons in order to achieve stability
Covalent Bonds
When sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl) form, Na gives up one valence electron to Cl
Ionic Bonds
2 hydrogen (H) atoms share their one valence electron
Covalent Bonds
Atoms with high electro-negativity such as chlorine tend to form more ___ bonds
Ionic
Atoms with low electro-negativity such as hydrogen tend to form more ______ bonds
Covalent
