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Oral Pathology > Oral Pathology Chapter 16 > Flashcards

Oral Pathology Chapter 16 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the name of the pathology that is a group of inherited conditions in which two or more ectodermal anatomic structures fail to develop?

A

Ectodermal dysplasia

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2
Q

What is the best known type of ectodermal dysplasia?

A

Hypohidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia

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3
Q

What pathology is an autosomal dominant disease that results from defects in keratins and appears as thickened, symmetrical, white, corrugated, diffuse plaques on the bilateral buccal mucosa?

A

White Sponge Nevus

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4
Q

What is the scientific term that describes the idea of a genetically determined skin disorder?

A

Genodermatosis

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5
Q

What pathology is recognized by freckle-like lesions on the hands, perioral skin, and oral mucosa?

A

Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome

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6
Q

What side effect does Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome have?

A

Intestinal Polyposis

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7
Q

What is the significance for patients that develop Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome?

A

They have a predisposition to develop cancer

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8
Q

What type of growth are the intestinal polyps in Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome?

A

Hamartomatous

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9
Q

What digestional problem do patients with Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome often have?

A

Intussusception (proximal bowel becomes telescoped into distal portion)

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10
Q

How much more likely are Peutz-Jeghers syndrome patients to develop a malignancy later in life than an ordinary person?

A

18 X more likely

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11
Q

What other problem develops in the digestion tract for Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome patients?

A

GI adenocarcinomas develop (note that they do NOT develop from polyps)

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12
Q

What pathology is associated with CNS manifestions, mental retardation, seizures, potato-like growths, angiofibromas of the skin, ungual fibromas and ash-life/shagreen patches on the skin?

A

Tuberous Sclerosis

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13
Q

What rare side effects can be associated with Tuberous Sclerosis?

A

Cardiac Rhabdomyoma

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14
Q

What effect does Tuberous Sclerosis have on the kidneys?

A

Angiomyolipomas form there

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15
Q

What are the oral manifestations of Tuberous Sclerosis (2)?

A
  1. Developmental enamel pitting on facials of anterior permanent teeth and 2. Multiple Fibrous Papules
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16
Q

What are the odds of a patient with Tuberous Sclerosis developing tubers, seizures and mental retardation?

A

85%, 75% and 40%

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17
Q

What disease is related to autoantibodies against the desmosomes?

A

Pemphigus Vulgaris

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18
Q

What skin lesions are present in Pemphigus Vulgaris (2)?

A
  1. Flaccid vesicles and 2. bullae
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19
Q

What is the name of the sign that signifies the induction of bulla on normal-appearing skin?

A

Nikolsky sign

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20
Q

What is the term given for the “falling apart” of epithelium in Pemphigus Vulgaris?

A

Acantholysis

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21
Q

What is the name of free-floating cells found in Pemphigus Vulgaris and some other pathologies (Herpes, etc.)?

A

Tzanck Cells

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22
Q

What is the name of the familial disease that passes Pemphigus Vulgaris around in the same family?

A

Hailey-Hailey disease

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23
Q

What disease causes problems in hemidesmosomal binding and creates vesicles/bullae?

A

Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid

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24
Q

What intraoral lesion is almost pathognomonic for Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid?

A

Intraoral blood blister

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25
Q

What is the other term that is used for Mucous membrane pemphigoid?

A

Cicatricial Pemphigus

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26
Q

What is the most significant complication of Mucous membrane pemphigoid?

A

Ocular Involvement (25%)

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27
Q

Scarring in Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid causes what to occur in the eyelids?

A

Eyelids turn inward on themselves (Entropion)

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28
Q

What two proteins are found along the basement membrane in Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid?

A

C3 and IgG

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29
Q

What disease is a blistering, ulcerative mucocutaneous condition of uncertain etiopathogenesis?

A

Erythema Multiforme

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30
Q

What can be said of 50% of Erythema Multiforme cases?

A

Clinicians can identify a preceding infection or exposure to a new medication

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31
Q

What two infections have the greatest chance of developing into Erythema Multiforme?

A
  1. HSV and 2. Mycoplasma pneumoniae
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32
Q

What percentage of Erythema Multiforme patients have experienced a HSV infection previously?

A

50%

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33
Q

What three gradients of Erythema Multiforme have been classified?

A
  1. Erythema multiforme minor, 2. Erythema Multiforme major and 3. Toxic epidermal necrolysis
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34
Q

What is the more common name used for Erythema Multiforme Major?

A

Stevens-Johnson Syndrome

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35
Q

What is the other name for toxic epidermal necrolysis?

A

Lyell’s Disease

36
Q

What are the demographics of those most likely to experience Erythema Multiforme?

A

20-30 with males more predisposed

37
Q

What “warning” do patients have before they develop Erythema Multiforme?

A

Prodrome Symptoms about a week in advance

38
Q

How long does Erythema Multiforme last?

A

2-6 weeks typically

39
Q

What skin lesion is particularly unique to Erythema Multiforme?

A

Target Lesions

40
Q

What two areas of the mouth cannot have Erythema Multiforme?

A
  1. Gingiva and 2. Hard Palate
41
Q

What triggers Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis?

A

Always a drug

42
Q

What is the mortality of Erythema Multiforme Major?

A

10%

43
Q

What is the mortality of Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis?

A

35%

44
Q

What pathology is a common, chronic dermatologic disease that can affect oral mucosa?

A

Lichen Planus

45
Q

What is the other name that Lichen planus is known as?

A

Lichenoid Mucositis

46
Q

What percentage of the population have lichen planus?

A

1%

47
Q

What are the four P’s that describe lichen planus?

A
  1. Purple, 2. Pruritus, 3. Polygonal and 4. Papules
48
Q

What is the lacelike network of white lines found in the skin papules of lichen planus?

A

Wickham’s Striae

49
Q

What are the two forms of lichen planus?

A
  1. Reticular and 2. Erosive
50
Q

What form of Lichen planus is seen on the buccal mucosa bilaterally and is seen as Wickham’s Striae?

A

Reticular

51
Q

What form of lichen planus can be describe as presenting with atrophic lesions, erythematous areas with central ulceration and periphery that is usually bordered by fine, white, radiating striae?

A

Erosive

52
Q

If erosive Lichen Planus is limited to the gingiva, what is it known as?

A

Desquamative Gingivitis

53
Q

What may be indistinguishable from lichen planus on the gingiva (2)?

A
  1. Pemphigus and 2. Pemphigoid
54
Q

What is the name of degenerating keratinocytes within the epithelium in lichen planus?

A

Civatte bodies

55
Q

What are the two keys to not needing a biopsy for lichen planus?

A
  1. The lesions are bilateral and 2. The lesions are asymptomatic
56
Q

What percentage of women with erosive lichen planus have vaginal lesions?

A

28%

57
Q

What does the acronym STAY stand for with lichen planus?

A

Stress, Trauma, Advil (any NSAIDs) and Yeast

58
Q

What pathology is a classic example of an immunologically mediated condition and is the most common collagen vascular/connective tissue disease in the US?

A

Lupus Erythematous

59
Q

What two forms of Lupus Erythematous do we care about?

A
  1. Systemic lupus erythematous and 2. Chronic Cutaneous Lupus Erythematous
60
Q

What is the name of the distinctive rash that forms in Lupus Erythematous?

A

Malar rash

61
Q

What makes the rash worsen in Lupus Erythematous?

A

Sunlight

62
Q

What percentage of Lupus Erythematous patients have kidney problems and develop Malar rashes?

A

50%

63
Q

What is the most significant risk of Lupus Erythematous?

A

Risk of kidney damage

64
Q

Up to 50% of Lupus Erythematous patients have vegetations affecting heart valves termed what?

A

Libman-Sacks endocarditis

65
Q

How do skin lesions present in Chronic Cutaneous Lupus Erythematous?

A

Discoid lupus erythematous lesions

66
Q

How do skin lesions start in Lupus Erythematous?

A

Scaly, erythematous patches

67
Q

What two types of drugs should be used in mild Systemic Lupus Erythematous?

A
  1. NSAIDs and 2. antimalarial drugs
68
Q

What antimalarial drug is typically used for treating Systemic Lupus Erythematous?

A

Hydroxychloroquine

69
Q

What side effect does Hydroxychloroquine have?

A

Turns the palate blue

70
Q

What two medication classes are used to treat more severe Systemic Lupus Erythematous?

A
  1. Corticosteroids and 2. Immunosuppressive agents
71
Q

What medication class is used to treat patients with Chronic Cutaneous Lupus Erythematous?

A

Topical Corticosteroids

72
Q

What is the pathology that presents as a disease where dense collagen is deposited in the tissues of the body in extraordinary amounts?

A

Systemic Sclerosis

73
Q

What is the first sign of systemic sclerosis called?

A

Raynaud’s Phenomenon

74
Q

What two things are known to trigger Raynaud’s Phenomenon?

A
  1. Emotional Distress or 2. Exposure to cold
75
Q

What strange symptom manifests in the patient’s hands?

A

Resorption of terminal phalanges and flexion contraction to make shortened, claw-like fingers

76
Q

What facial effect happens in systemic sclerosis?

A

Mask-like faces

77
Q

What happens to the nose in systemic sclerosis?

A

Alae become atrophied resulting in a pinched appearance

78
Q

What four organs are you concerned about if a patient has Systemic Sclerosis?

A
  1. Lung, 2. Heart, 3. Kidney and 4 GI tract
79
Q

Should an organ become affected by systemic sclerosis, what will happen?

A

It will fail within 3 years

80
Q

What happens to patients with systemic sclerosis regarding their mouths?

A

Microstomia from collagen deposition

81
Q

What is the name of the form of Systemic Sclerosis that only affects an area and looks as though it were a scar from a sword?

A

Localized Scleroderma

82
Q

What does CREST stand for in CREST syndrome?

A

C - Calcinosis cutis, R - Raynaud’s phenomenon, E - Esophageal dysfunction, S - Sclerodactyly and T - Telangiectasia

83
Q

What is the name given to movable, nontender, subcutaneous nodular calcifications found in CREST syndrome?

A

Calcinosis Cutis

84
Q

What is Reynaud’s Phenomenon?

A

When hands/feet turn white when cold, then blue, and then turn red when heated up and hurt

85
Q

What term describes permanent flexure of fingers resulting in “claw” deformities?

A

Sclerodactyly

86
Q

What term describes numerous scattered red papules, 1-2 mm in size, that blanch and are frequently found in the vermilion zone of the lips/facial skin?

A

Telangiectasias

87
Q

What is a side effect of CREST syndrome that should be monitored for?

A

Pulmonary Hypertension

Oral Pathology (14 decks)

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