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Oral Pathology > Oral Pathology Chapter 13 > Flashcards

Oral Pathology Chapter 13 Flashcards

1
Q

What word describes a decrease in hemoglobin or RBCs?

A

Anemia

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2
Q

What is used to measure volume of RBCs?

A

Hemocrit

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3
Q

What oral symptoms are associated with anemia (3)?

A
  1. Bald tongue (tongue atrophy), 2. Burning tongue (glossopyrosis) and 3. Pain in the tongue (glossodynia)
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4
Q

What is the name of the disease that is marked by a decreased number of circulating blood platelets?

A

Thrombocytopenia

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5
Q

What drug is the most common to cause a lack of platelets?

A

Heparin

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6
Q

What two systemic diseases were listed as causing a lack of platelets?

A
  1. Systemic lupus erythematous and 2. HIV
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7
Q

What disease causes a decrease in platelets as a side effect?

A

Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura

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8
Q

What percentage of platelets are removed by the spleen?

A

1/3

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9
Q

What is a normal platelet count?

A

200,000-400,000

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10
Q

What results from small capillary leakage?

A

Petechiae

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11
Q

Should a medium amount of blood leak, what is it called?

A

Ecchymosis

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12
Q

Should a large amount of blood leak, what is it called?

A

Hematoma

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13
Q

At what level is a lack of platelets considered severe?

A
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14
Q

What disease is a childhood disease that appears classically after a virus and results in destruction of platelets?

A

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)

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15
Q

What pathology is associated with the enlargement of the lymphoid tissue, is typically due to infection and may affect lymph nodes?

A

Lymphoid hyperplasia

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16
Q

What is the aggregates of lymphoid tissue scattered throughout the oral cavity called?

A

Waldeyer’s ring

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17
Q

Where are the four most common locations for aggregates of lymphoid tissue?

A
  1. Oropharynx, 2. Soft palate, 3. Lateral tongue and 4. Floor of the mouth
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18
Q

What are the characteristics of an acute infection concerning the tonsils?

A

Enlarged, tender, soft, freely-movable nodules

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19
Q

What are the characteristics of a chronic infection concerning the tonsils?

A

Enlarged, nontender, firm, freely movable nodules

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20
Q

What is the key to identifying dangerous development in the tonsils?

A

Checking for asymmetry

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21
Q

Should a lymphoid swelling occur in the mouth, where would it likely be?

A

The posterior lateral tongue

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22
Q

What disease is described as a malignant transformation of a stem cell, which proliferates in the bone marrow and overflows into the peripheral blood?

A

Leukemia

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23
Q

What are the four classifying terms of leukemias (note that only two can be present at a time)?

A
  1. Myeloid, 2. Lymphoid, 3. Acute and 4. Chronic
24
Q

What type of leukemia is the most dangerous?

A

Acute - leads to death within a few months if untreated

25
Q

Which leukemia is associated with the translocation of chromosomal material between the long arms of chromosomes 9 and 22?

A

Chronic Myeloid leukemia

26
Q

Should abnormalities be present on chromosomes 9 and 22 that cause leukemia, what would that be called?

A

Philadelphia chromosome

27
Q

What two environmental factors are related to anemia?

A
  1. Exposure to pesticides/benzene and 2. Ionizing radiation
28
Q

What virus is associated with leukemia?

A

Human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus type 1 (HTLV-1)

29
Q

Which leukemia is one of the most common childhood malignancies?

A

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

30
Q

What is the most common leukemia?

A

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (occurs in adulthood)

31
Q

How does leukemia appear in the oral cavity?

A

Boggy, non-tender swelling

32
Q

What is the presentation of leukemia in the mouth called?

A

Granulocytic sarcoma

33
Q

What disease results in a punched out radiolucency, develops from antigen presenting cells, has a spectrum of severity, and appears more than half the time in patients younger than 15 years old?

A

Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis

34
Q

What is the smallest form of Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis?

A

Eosinophilic Granuloma of Bone

35
Q

What version of Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis is found mostly in infants?

A

Acute disseminated histiocytosis

36
Q

What is the other term for acute disseminated histiocytosis?

A

Letterer-Siwe Disease

37
Q

What version of Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis involves bone, skin and viscera and is the most severe?

A

Chronic Disseminated Histiocytosis

38
Q

What is the other name for Chronic Disseminated Hystiocytosis?

A

Hand-Schuller-Christian Disease

39
Q

What are four typical locations of Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis?

A
  1. Skull, 2. Ribs, 3. Vertebrae and 4.Mandible
40
Q

The phrases “punched out” radiolucencies, “scooped out” appearance and “Floating in air” belong to?

A

Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis

41
Q

What histologic feature identifies Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis?

A

Birbeck Granules

42
Q

How should bone lessons be treated in Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis?

A

Curettage or low-dose radiation

43
Q

What makes a good/bad prognosis in Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis?

A

Prognosis is good in bone, but bad in visceral and cutaneous involvement

44
Q

What malignant lymphoproliferative disorder is unusual in that neoplastic cells only make up 1-3% of the cells in the lesson?

A

Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

45
Q

What are Hodgkin’s Lymphoma neoplastic cells called?

A

Reed-Sternberg cells (have owl eye nuclei)

46
Q

What virus is linked to Hodgkin’s Lymphoma?

A

EBV

47
Q

What ages typically are affected by Hodgkin’s Lymphoma?

A

Between 15-35 and after 50

48
Q

What histological type of Hodgkin’s lymphoma has the best prognosis?

A

Lymphocyte Predominant

49
Q

What histological type of Hodgkin’s lymphoma has the worst prognosis?

A

Nodular Sclerosing

50
Q

What disease is associated with plasma cell origin and has a multicentric origin in bone?

A

Multiple Myeloma

51
Q

What race is particularly targeted by Multiple Myelomas?

A

African Americans - it is the most common hematologic malignancy for them

52
Q

What is the characteristic presenting symptom of Multiple Myelomas?

A

Bone pain

53
Q

Where is the most common area that Multiple Myelomas present?

A

Lumbar spine

54
Q

What is an important radiographic sign of Multiple Myelomas?

A

“Punched-out” radiolucencies on the skull film

55
Q

What organs are impacted especially hard by multiple myelomas?

A

Kidneys

56
Q

What proteins can be found in the urine of patients with Multiple myelomas?

A

Bence Jones Proteins

57
Q

What drug class is given to patients with Multiple Myelomas to prevent bone fracture?

A

Bisphosphonates

Oral Pathology (14 decks)

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