Oral Pathology Chapter 13 Flashcards
What word describes a decrease in hemoglobin or RBCs?
Anemia
What is used to measure volume of RBCs?
Hemocrit
What oral symptoms are associated with anemia (3)?
- Bald tongue (tongue atrophy), 2. Burning tongue (glossopyrosis) and 3. Pain in the tongue (glossodynia)
What is the name of the disease that is marked by a decreased number of circulating blood platelets?
Thrombocytopenia
What drug is the most common to cause a lack of platelets?
Heparin
What two systemic diseases were listed as causing a lack of platelets?
- Systemic lupus erythematous and 2. HIV
What disease causes a decrease in platelets as a side effect?
Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
What percentage of platelets are removed by the spleen?
1/3
What is a normal platelet count?
200,000-400,000
What results from small capillary leakage?
Petechiae
Should a medium amount of blood leak, what is it called?
Ecchymosis
Should a large amount of blood leak, what is it called?
Hematoma
At what level is a lack of platelets considered severe?
What disease is a childhood disease that appears classically after a virus and results in destruction of platelets?
Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)
What pathology is associated with the enlargement of the lymphoid tissue, is typically due to infection and may affect lymph nodes?
Lymphoid hyperplasia
What is the aggregates of lymphoid tissue scattered throughout the oral cavity called?
Waldeyer’s ring
Where are the four most common locations for aggregates of lymphoid tissue?
- Oropharynx, 2. Soft palate, 3. Lateral tongue and 4. Floor of the mouth
What are the characteristics of an acute infection concerning the tonsils?
Enlarged, tender, soft, freely-movable nodules
What are the characteristics of a chronic infection concerning the tonsils?
Enlarged, nontender, firm, freely movable nodules
What is the key to identifying dangerous development in the tonsils?
Checking for asymmetry
Should a lymphoid swelling occur in the mouth, where would it likely be?
The posterior lateral tongue
What disease is described as a malignant transformation of a stem cell, which proliferates in the bone marrow and overflows into the peripheral blood?
Leukemia
What are the four classifying terms of leukemias (note that only two can be present at a time)?
- Myeloid, 2. Lymphoid, 3. Acute and 4. Chronic
What type of leukemia is the most dangerous?
Acute - leads to death within a few months if untreated
Which leukemia is associated with the translocation of chromosomal material between the long arms of chromosomes 9 and 22?
Chronic Myeloid leukemia
Should abnormalities be present on chromosomes 9 and 22 that cause leukemia, what would that be called?
Philadelphia chromosome
What two environmental factors are related to anemia?
- Exposure to pesticides/benzene and 2. Ionizing radiation
What virus is associated with leukemia?
Human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus type 1 (HTLV-1)
Which leukemia is one of the most common childhood malignancies?
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
What is the most common leukemia?
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (occurs in adulthood)
How does leukemia appear in the oral cavity?
Boggy, non-tender swelling
What is the presentation of leukemia in the mouth called?
Granulocytic sarcoma
What disease results in a punched out radiolucency, develops from antigen presenting cells, has a spectrum of severity, and appears more than half the time in patients younger than 15 years old?
Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis
What is the smallest form of Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis?
Eosinophilic Granuloma of Bone
What version of Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis is found mostly in infants?
Acute disseminated histiocytosis
What is the other term for acute disseminated histiocytosis?
Letterer-Siwe Disease
What version of Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis involves bone, skin and viscera and is the most severe?
Chronic Disseminated Histiocytosis
What is the other name for Chronic Disseminated Hystiocytosis?
Hand-Schuller-Christian Disease
What are four typical locations of Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis?
- Skull, 2. Ribs, 3. Vertebrae and 4.Mandible
The phrases “punched out” radiolucencies, “scooped out” appearance and “Floating in air” belong to?
Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis
What histologic feature identifies Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis?
Birbeck Granules
How should bone lessons be treated in Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis?
Curettage or low-dose radiation
What makes a good/bad prognosis in Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis?
Prognosis is good in bone, but bad in visceral and cutaneous involvement
What malignant lymphoproliferative disorder is unusual in that neoplastic cells only make up 1-3% of the cells in the lesson?
Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
What are Hodgkin’s Lymphoma neoplastic cells called?
Reed-Sternberg cells (have owl eye nuclei)
What virus is linked to Hodgkin’s Lymphoma?
EBV
What ages typically are affected by Hodgkin’s Lymphoma?
Between 15-35 and after 50
What histological type of Hodgkin’s lymphoma has the best prognosis?
Lymphocyte Predominant
What histological type of Hodgkin’s lymphoma has the worst prognosis?
Nodular Sclerosing
What disease is associated with plasma cell origin and has a multicentric origin in bone?
Multiple Myeloma
What race is particularly targeted by Multiple Myelomas?
African Americans - it is the most common hematologic malignancy for them
What is the characteristic presenting symptom of Multiple Myelomas?
Bone pain
Where is the most common area that Multiple Myelomas present?
Lumbar spine
What is an important radiographic sign of Multiple Myelomas?
“Punched-out” radiolucencies on the skull film
What organs are impacted especially hard by multiple myelomas?
Kidneys
What proteins can be found in the urine of patients with Multiple myelomas?
Bence Jones Proteins
What drug class is given to patients with Multiple Myelomas to prevent bone fracture?
Bisphosphonates
