Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Phase 1 Boards Prep - EQ > Oral Medicine > Flashcards

Oral Medicine Flashcards

1
Q

In Kilcoyne’s 2014 study, “Septic sialoadenitis in equids: A retrospective study of 18 cases (1998-2010),” what was the most commonly cultured bacterial species?

A

Fusobacterium sp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

According to Kilcoyne’s 2014 study, “Septic sialoadenitis in equids: A retrospective study of 18 cases (1998-2010),” which salivary gland is most commonly affected by disease?

A

Parotid salivary gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

According to Kilcoyne’s 2014 study, “Septic sialoadenitis in equids: A retrospective study of 18 cases (1998-2010),” what factors contribute to the development of sialoadenitis in the horse?

A

Sialoliths and dental abnormalities (oral trauma and bacterial colonization such as secondary to sharp enamel overgrowths or crown fracture with feed packing)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

According to the 2015 study by Dixon et al., “Computed tomographic appearance of melanomas in the equine head: 13 cases,” what were the respective attenuation values of melanomas versus the adjacent masseter muscle?

A

113.5 HU vs. 69 HU

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

In the 2015 study by Dixon et al., “Computed tomographic appearance of melanomas in the equine head: 13 cases,” what was the attenuation of melanomas in comparison to the adjacent masseter muscle?

A

All (216) melanomas were hyperattenuating compared to masseter musculature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

In the 2015 study by Dixon et al., “Computed tomographic appearance of melanomas in the equine head: 13 cases,” what percentage of masses contained hypoattenuating areas at what median attenuation value?

A

19.4% (41/216)

45.1 HU

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

In the 2015 study by Dixon et al., “Computed tomographic appearance of melanomas in the equine head: 13 cases,” what percentage of masses contained mineralized areas at what median attenuation value?

A

25.9% (56/216)

326 HU

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

In the 2015 study by Dixon et al., “Computed tomographic appearance of melanomas in the equine head: 13 cases,” describe the type of mineralization seen on histological exam of melanomas of the head.

A

Dystrophic mineralization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

In the figure below of a decalcified transverse section through EOTRH affected incisor from Hole’s 2016 review article: Equine odontoclastic tooth resorption and hypercementosis what structure is the red arrow head
pointing to?

A

Howship’s lacunae (arrow heads)- resorption cavities containing multinucleate odontoclasts (arrows)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

As stated in Nicholls 2016 VCNA Chapter, what % of geriatric animals have documented dental abnormalities?

VCNA 2016

A

95.4%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What geriatric dental disorder is noted here once the food has been removed from the incisors?

VNCA 2016

A

Senile diastamata

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

In the paper cited in the 2016 VCNA Nicholls chapter, what were the reported prevalence of sharp enamel points, periodontal disease and cheek teeth diastemata in horses >15 years old?

Ireland JL, Clegg PD, McGowan CM, et al. Disease prevalence in geriatric horses in the United Kingdom: veterinary clinical assessment of 200 cases. Equine Vet J
2012;44:101–6.

A

mandibular lingual enamel points (64%), maxillary buccal enamel points (51%), periodontal disease (42.9%), and cheek teeth diastemata (41.9%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

In the study cited in 2016 VCNA Nicholls chapter, what was the relative prevalence of cheek teeth diastemata, periodontal disease , and smooth mouth in horses > 30 years old?

Ireland JL, McGowan CM, Clegg PD, et al. A survey of health care and disease in geriatric horses aged 30 years or older. Vet J 2012;192:57–64.

A

> 70%

cheek teeth diastemata
(78.7%), periodontal disease (75%), and smooth mouth (71.7%) t

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

In Kern’s 2016 study “Bacteraemia before, during and after tooth extraction in horses in the absence of antimicrobial administration,” what percent of horses developed positive blood cultures at one or more time points during the study?

EVJ 2016

A

90% (18/20 horses)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

In Kern’s 2016 study “Bacteraemia before, during and after tooth extraction in horses in the absence of antimicrobial administration,” what were the four most commonly isolated bacterial genera?

EVJ 2016

A

Streptococcus spp.
Actinomyces spp.
Fusobacterium spp.
Prevotella spp.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

In Kern’s 2016 study “Bacteraemia before, during and after tooth extraction in horses in the absence of antimicrobial administration,” what surgical step was most commonly associated with the presence of bacteremia?

EVJ 2016

A

Elevation of the gingiva

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

In Earley’s 2017 study “Hematologic, Biochemical, and Endocrine Parameters in Horses With Tooth Resorption and Hypercementosis,” what was the most consistent abnormality on the CBC and chemistry profiles?

JVD 2017, Issue 3, Rawlinson

A

Hypoalbuminemia 88%

mild

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

In Earley’s 2017 study “Hematologic, Biochemical, and Endocrine Parameters in Horses With Tooth Resorption and Hypercementosis,” what endocrine parameter was of note?

JVD 2017, Issue 3, Rawlinson

A

parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentration increased in 1/15 horses (47%)

Authors speculated that elevations in PTH could be reflective of mild nutrional secondary hyperparathyroidism and that if the concentrate feeds fed to older horses with oral pain from EOTRH contain elevated amounts of calcium chelators that could cause NSH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

In Jackson’s 2019 paper “Peripheral caries and disease of the periodontium in Western Australian horses: an epidemiological, anatomical and histopathological assessment,” what was the cited critical pH at which demineralization of cementum vs dentin and enamel will occur?

EVJ 2019, Staszyk

A

Cementum 6.7
Dentin 6.2
Enamel 5.5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

In Jackson’s 2019 paper “Peripheral caries and disease of the periodontium in Western Australian horses: an epidemiological, anatomical and histopathological assessment,” peripheral caries were present in what percent of horses and most commonly in what teeth?

EVJ 2019, Staszyk

A

58.8% horses examined
molars most commonly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

In Jackson’s 2019 paper “Peripheral caries and disease of the periodontium in Western Australian horses: an epidemiological, anatomical and histopathological assessment,” feed accumulation between teeth was present in horses without or with significant gingival recession respectively?

EVJ 2019, Staszyk

A

Without sig gingival recession 52.8%
With gingival recession 39.8%

22
Q

In Jackson’s 2019 paper “Peripheral caries and disease of the periodontium in Western Australian horses: an epidemiological, anatomical and histopathological assessment,” what factors were stat sig associated with interdental feed accumulation, and what arcades were sig more likely to have interdental feed accumulation and peripheral caries?

EVJ 2019, Staszyk

A

Peripheral caries, horse’s age, presence of displaced teeth, diastemata
Mandibular

23
Q

In Steinfort’s 2019 paper “The Equine Gingiva: A Histological Evaluation,” what do A, B, C, and D in this image represent?

Staszyk Frontiers 2019

A

A. Oral epithelium
B. Sulcular epithelium
C. Junctional epithelium
D. Lamina propria

24
Q

In Steinfort’s 2019 paper “The Equine Gingiva: A Histological Evaluation,” what was the gingival sulcus depth range and average depth?

Staszyk Frontiers 2019

A

0.1-2.7mm
average depth 0.8mm

25
Q

In Steinfort’s 2019 paper “The Equine Gingiva: A Histological Evaluation,” were differences seen in the gingiva based on tooth type, upper and lower jaw, different locations around the tooth or between human/dog and equine gingiva?

Staszyk Frontiers 2019

A

No

26
Q

In Steinfort’s 2019 paper “The Equine Gingiva: A Gross Anatomical Evaluation,” what percent of cases had a sulcus depth of less than 1mm?

Staszyk Frontiers 2019

A

90%

Authors suggest that the equine sulcus depth should be described as < 1mm

27
Q

In Steinfort’s 2019 paper “The Equine Gingiva: A Gross Anatomical Evaluation,” periodontal pockets occurred significantly more in which teeth and with what factor?

Staszyk Frontiers 2019

A

Sig more in cheek teeth than incisors
Occurence of PPs in cheek teeth increased significantly with age

28
Q

In Steinfort’s 2019 paper “The Equine Gingiva: A Gross Anatomical Evaluation,” what percent of diastemata were found between cheek teeth and were upper or lower cheek teeth diastemata most prevalent?

Staszyk Frontiers 2019

A

89% diastemata between cheek teeth
Most in upper cheek teeth

29
Q

In Birmingham’s 2019 study “The Effect of Sedation, Oral Examination, and Odontoplasty on Systemic Inflammation as Measured by Serum Amyloid A in the Adult Performance Horse,” what was the main conclusion?

JVD 2019 issue 3

A

Results of study showed that sedation, oral exam and odontoplasty had no effect on systemic inflammation as measured by SAA in the adult performance horse

30
Q

In Kennedy’s 2016 paper “The microbiome associated with equine periodontitis and oral health” what bacterial genera dominated the periodonitis horses and control horses respectively?

Vet Research 2016

A

The periodontitis group was dominated by the genera Prevotella and Veillonella.
Healthy group was dominated by the genera Gemella and Actinobacillus

31
Q

In Borkent’s 2019 study “A microbiome analysis of equine peripheral dental caries using next generation sequencing” what was the most common genus associated with the healthy samples vs the peripheral caries samples?

EVJ 2019

A

Streptococcus species was the genus most commonly associated with equine PC
Gemella species was the genus most associated with the control group.

Corynebacterium also associated with control

32
Q

In Borkent’s 2019 study “A microbiome analysis of equine peripheral dental caries using next generation sequencing” what was the most common genus associated with rostral vs caudal peripheral caries?

EVJ 2019

A

Veillonella species was the most commonly associated genus with PC of the rostral cheek teeth
Streptococcus species was the most associated genus with the PC of caudal cheek teeth

33
Q

In Nottle’s multicenter study “Fibro-Osseous Lesions Of The Craniofacial Complex In Horses: 30 Cases (2001-2019)” what are the three main diagnoses in the complex, and how many were diagnosed of each?

Vet Surg 2021

A

Ossifying fibroma in 20/30 (67%) horses
Osteoma in 8/30 (27%) horses
Fibrous dysplasia 2/30 (6%) horses.

34
Q

In Nottle’s multicenter study “Fibro-Osseous Lesions Of The Craniofacial Complex In Horses: 30 Cases (2001-2019)” was there a trend for signalment of horse and location of lesion?

Vet Surg 2021

A

12/30 lesions were diagnosed in horses <1 year old.
20/30 lesions originated from the rostral mandible

Median age 2 yrs (4mo-21yo)
Other sites were maxilla or paranasal sinuses

35
Q

In Nottle’s multicenter study “Fibro-Osseous Lesions Of The Craniofacial Complex In Horses: 30 Cases (2001-2019)” what were the outcomes reported?

Vet Surg 2021

A

Recurrence was not reported after complete excision.

Incomplete excision was confirmed in 8 horses – 4 ossifying fibromas, 3 osteomas, 1 fibrous dysplasia
Recurrence occurred in one horse, while six horses had long-term resolution of clinical signs.

36
Q

In Kunz’ 2020 study “High Prevalence of Orodental Disorders in South Brazilian Cart Horses: Walking a Tightrope Between Animal Welfare and Socioeconomic Inevitability”, what was the prevalence of diastemas, and what Triadan position were they most associated with? What were other common patholgogy noted?

JVD 2020 issue 3

A

Cheek tooth diastemata 66%
Diastemata were more likely to be present between Maxillary and mandibular 06/07 or Mandibular 10/11

Excessively sharp enamel points 97% of horses
Mucosal ulcers 66%

37
Q

What was the overall conclusion from Smyth and Carmalt’s 2019 paper “Histologic assessment of age-related changes in the temporomandibular joints of horses”

Smyth JAVMA 2019

A

The histo assessed lesions were associated with osteoarthritis, and they accumulated in the TMJs as horses aged.
No known clinical relevance

38
Q

In Pusterla’s 2020 study “Investigation of the Shedding of Selected Respiratory Pathogens in Healthy Horse Presented for Routine Dental Care,” true respiratory pathogens (EHV-1, EHV-4, EIV, ERBV or MRSA), were detected in what percent of horses?

JVD 2020, Henry, Rice

A

22%

39
Q

In Pusterla’s 2020 study “Investigation of the Shedding of Selected Respiratory Pathogens in Healthy Horse Presented for Routine Dental Care,” commensal respiratory pathogens were detected in what percent of horses?

JVD 2020, Henry, Rice

A

89%

40
Q

In Pusterla’s 2020 study “Investigation of the Shedding of Selected Respiratory Pathogens in Healthy Horse Presented for Routine Dental Care,” which population of horses Wisconsin or California had a 3-fold higher detection rate of respiratory pathogens and what were the differences in the population demographics?

JVD 2020, Rice, Henry

A

Wisconsin population younger, more Warmbloods, greater occurrence of nasal discharge and 3-fold higher detection rate of respiratory pathogens

41
Q

In Pusterla’s 2020 study “Investigation of the Shedding of Selected Respiratory Pathogens in Healthy Horse Presented for Routine Dental Care,” what percent colonization rate of MRSA did the Wisconsin population have compared to the California population?

JVD 2020, Henry, Rice

A

Wisconsin 25%
California 9%

Wisconsin sig higher

42
Q

In Nitzsche’s paper “The Gingiva of Horses With Pituitary Pars Intermedia Dysfunction: A Macroscopic Anatomical Evaluation” what was the conclusion in regards to presence of diastema in the PPID vs control groups?

Frontiers 2021

A

The presence of diastemata was significant (p < 0.0001) associated with age.
When controlling for age, PPID horses exhibited in 16.2% of cheek teeth with diastemata, compared to control horses that showed diastemata in 19.8% of cheek teeth interdental positions (NOT SIGNIFICANT)

In both groups, the lower CT showed more frequent (p = 0.0006; OR: 1.8) diastemata (22.7%) than the upper CT (14.0%). Triadan positions 406/407 and 306/307 were the most frequent locations for diastemata in both groups.

43
Q

In Nitzsche’s paper “The Gingiva of Horses With Pituitary Pars Intermedia Dysfunction: A Macroscopic Anatomical Evaluation” what was the overall takeaway in regards to PPID vs controls for the factors of gingival sulcus depth, gingival texture, peripheral caries, and perio pockets?

Frontiers 2021

A

Age had no influence on gingival texture alterations or on presence of gingival sulci ≥ 1 mm depth, and both alterations were found more frequently in the PPID group than in controls.

Peripheral caries as well as periodontal pockets were found more frequently in controls than in horses affected by PPID.

44
Q

In Reisbig’s study “The effect of acute equine temporomandibular joint inflammation on response to rein-tension and kinematics” what were the changes noted when one TMJ was injected with LPS to induce inflammation?

Frontiers 2023

A

All horses showed reduced rein-tension on the injected (inflamed) side - SIG different at both walk and trot

Increased rein-tension was required on the non-injected side at trot, to maintain them in the correct position on the treadmill post-injection – because they are trying to take pressure off the inflammed side

only kinematic variable to show any significant change due to rein tension or TMJ inflammation during the walk or trot was an increase in forward head tilt in presence of rein tension

45
Q

In Rehrl’s 2023 study “Equine odontoclastic tooth resorption and hypercementosis: Investigating individual incisor disease patterns using radiological classification,” what distribution pattern was noted to be stat significant?

EVJ 2023

A

Bilateral disease
There was a significant positive correlation between age and tooth stages (p < 0.001) irrespective of Triadan position
There was a difference between the occurrence of the tooth stages in the different tooth positions (Triadan 01, 02, and 03) in the jaw (most in 03s, least in 01s)

46
Q

In Smyth’s 2022 paper “The effect of acute unilateral inflammation of the equine temporomandibular joint on the kinematics of mastication” what was the change in chewing cycle noted after LPS injection into one joint?

EVJ 2022

A

All horses developed reduced vertical pitch (vertical opening) of the mandible (significant) - smaller ROM post-injection

The closing phase and power stroke were significantly affected, but not the opening phase for rostrocaudal movement

47
Q

In the 2015 study by Smedley et al, “Equine Odontoclastic Tooth Resorption and Hypercementosis: Histopathologic Features,” what were the common histopathologic findings?

A
  1. Cemental lesions: all affected incisors and canine teeth → cemental hyperplasia & lytic lesions
  2. Dentinal lysis: 2/17 (12%); varied from replacement resorption in all cases to inflammatory resorption
  3. Endodontic lesions: 12/15 horses (mild neutrophilic to lymphoplasmacytic inflammation (n=6), internal lysis of dentin (n=4), fibrosis (n=10), rim of atubular mineralized material (n=11))
  4. Periodontal disease: at least one tooth in 15/17 horses (88%); primarily lymphoplasmacytic inflammation and fibrosis of the PDL
  5. Gingival lesions: at least one tooth in 5/9 horses that had gingiva present (Mild to moderate lymphoplasmacytic and neutrophilic inflammation (n=3), mild lymphoplasmacytic inflammation (n=2), occasional downward growth of epithelium in regions of neutrophilic inflammation (n=1), mild hyperplasia (n=1))
  6. Lesions in the alveolar bone: at least one tooth in 5/9 horses that had alveolar bone present; scalloped surface w/ occasional osteoclasts within resorptive pits
48
Q

According to the study by Arnbjerg in 2014, “Generalized hypercementosis in geriatric horses”, hypercementotic lesions are seen concentrated on which aspects of incisor tooth roots?

Arnbjerg, 2014

A

Axial and lingual

49
Q

In Townsend’s 2021 study “Exodontia associated bacteremia in horses characterized by next generation sequencing,” they concluded that bacteremia by oral commensal bacteria was present how long after exodontia?

Scientific Reports 2021

A

One hour

50
Q

In Townsend’s 2021 study “Exodontia associated bacteremia in horses characterized by next generation sequencing,” what type of testing was used to characterize the bacteria and what were the most common taxa indentified?

Scientific Reports 2021

A

16S rRNA sequencing
Actinobacillus, Fusobacterium, Leptotrichia, Porphyromonas, Prevotella, Streptococcus, Veillonella

Phase 1 Boards Prep - EQ (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions