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Phase 1 Boards Prep - EQ > Instruments and Materials > Flashcards

Instruments and Materials Flashcards

1
Q

What are the names of the pictured scalpel blade handles?

Verstraete Chap 7

A

A. #3
B. #5
C. #B3
D. #7

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2
Q

What are the names of these scissors?

A

A. Metzenbaum
B. Straight Iris Scissors
C. Curved Goldman-Fox
D. LaGrange scissors
E. Suture scissors

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3
Q

What are the names of these tissue forceps?

Verstraete Ch 7

A

A. Adson 1X2 tissue forceps
B. Gerald 1X2 tissue forceps

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4
Q

What is the name of this instrument?

Verstraete Ch 7

A

Allis tissue forceps

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5
Q

What are the names of these instruments?

Verstraete Ch 7

A

A. Molt #9 periosteal elevator
B. #24G periosteal elevator
C. Mead #3 periosteal elevator

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6
Q

What are the names of these instruments?

Verstreate Ch 7

A

A. Seldin retractor - retraction of periosteal flaps
B. Cawood-Minnesota retractor - retraction of tongue, lips and cheeks

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7
Q

What are the names of these instruments?

Verstraete Ch 7

A

A. Senn retractor
B. Gelpi perineal retractor

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8
Q

What are the names of these instruments?

Verstraete Ch 7

A

A. Halsey needle holder
B. DeBakey needle holder

Halsey measures 130mm
DeBakey measures 180mm

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9
Q

What is the name and indication for this instrument in oral surgery?

Verstraete Ch 61

A

John Hopkins gallbladder forceps. Indication: pharyngostomy/pharyngotomy

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10
Q

What is the name of this instrument?

JVD 2012, Issue 2. Foundations

A

UNC-15 periodontal probe

15mm long probe with 1mm markings and color coding every 5mm

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11
Q

What is the name of this instrument?

JVD 2012, Issue 2. Foundations

A

Marquis periodontal probe

Color coded probe with markings every 3mm

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12
Q

What is the name/# of this instrument?

JVD 2012, Issue 2. Foundations

A

Classic sickle-shaped explorer #23

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13
Q

What type of curettes are shown in B and C respectively?

JVD 2012, Issue 2. Foundations

A

B: Universal
C: Gracey

With Gracey curettes, the higher the number the more bend

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14
Q

What size blade angles of curettes would be most appropriate for the rostral and caudal mouth respectively?

JVD 2012, Issue 2. Foundations

A

Small blade angles (sizes 1-2) are most appropriate for the rostral mouth. Larger blade angles (sizes 13-14) are more appropriate for the caudal mouth.

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15
Q

What instrument is this and with what motion is it designed to be used?

JVD 2012, Issue 2. Foundations: Periodontal Hand Instruments

A

Hoe scaler, pull motion

the McCall’s series are the standard Hoe instruments

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16
Q

What is this instrument and with what motion is it designed to be used?

JVD 2012, Issue 2. Foundations: Periodontal Hand Instruments

A

Periodontal Chisel, push motion

designed for removing calculus between tight interproximal spaces

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17
Q

What is the name of each instrument shown in A and B respectively?

JVD 2012, Issue 2. Foundations: Periodontal Hand Instruments

A

A: Kirkland periodontal knife
B: Orban interdental periodontal knife

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18
Q

What is this instrument and what is its use?

JVD 2012, Issue 3. Use of an Autogenous Cortical Graft in Combination with Guided Tissue Regeneration for Treatment of an Infrabony Defect, Rice.

A

Bone grafter
used to obtain autogenous cortical bone grafts

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19
Q

What are the names of these instruments?

Verstraete Ch 20: Gingivectomy

A

A. Goldman-Fox periodontal pocket marking forceps
B. Kirkland gingivectomy knife
C. Orban gingivectomy knife
D. Universal 360-degree scalpel handle

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20
Q

For curettes and scalers, what is the angle of the edge (i.e. the intersection of the face and the bevel)?

Sharpening Periodontal Instruments. JVD 2014, Issue 1

A

70 degrees

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21
Q

For sharpening curettes and scalers what degree should be between the face of the instrument and the stone?

Sharpening Periodontal Instruments. JVD 2014, Issue 1

A

the heel contacting the stone held to form a 110° angle between the face of the instrument and the stone

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22
Q

For sharpening elevators and osteotomes what degree should be between the bevel of the instrument and the stone?

Sharpening Periodontal Instruments. JVD 2014, Issue 1

A

45 degrees

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23
Q

For sharpening Oschenbein and bone chisels what degree should be between the face of the instrument and the stone?

Sharpening Periodontal Instruments. JVD 2014, Issue 1

A

20 degrees

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24
Q

For sharpening scissors what degree should be between the face of the instrument and the stone?

Sharpening Periodontal Instruments. JVD 2014, Issue 1

A

10 degrees

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25
Q

What are the names of A, B, C, D and E?

A

A. Clamps
B. Rubber dam sheet
C. Rubber dam punch
D. Rubber dam frame
E. Clamp forceps

Rodoso. “Dental Dam Application for Endodontics in Dogs: A Novel Clamp Kit.” JVD 2018, Issue 2.

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26
Q

What does the term luting mean in regard to dental cements?

JVD 2018 issue 1, Review of Dental Cements

A

The word luting implies the use of a moldable substance to seal a space or to cement two components together; hence the term is descriptive of dental cementing agents.

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27
Q

What type of cement is the least soluble?
A. Resin Composite
B. Glass Ionomer
C. Polycarboxylate
D. Zinc phosphate

JVD 2018 issue 1, Review of Dental Cements

A

A. Resin Composite

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28
Q

Define elastic modulus

JVD 2018 issue 1, Review of Dental Cements

A

Elastic modulus (EM) measures the ability of a material to resist elastic deformation under loading, representing the relative stiffness of the material within the elastic range.

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29
Q

What mechansims of adhesion are observed in restoration cements, and give examples of materials for each:
Non-adhesive
Micomechanical bond
Molecular bond

JVD 2018 issue 1, Review of Dental Cements

A

Nonadhesive: cement fills the restoration-tooth gap and holds by engaging in small surface irregularities - I.e. relies on geometric form of tooth preparation - zinc phosphate
Micromechanical: surface irregularities are enhanced through air abrasion or acid etching to provide larger defects – good for materials with large tensile strength – resins, resin-modified GIC
Molecular: bipolar Van der Waals forces and weak chemical bond (material ions bind to Ca of hydroxyapetite) - polycarboxilate, GIC

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30
Q

What is film thickness, and which materials have the relative higher and lower film thickness?

JVD 2018 issue 1, Review of Dental Cements

A

Aka viscosity of the dental cement
Low film thickness → improves setting of crown and decreases marginal discrepancies → reduces plaque accumulation, PD, cement dissolution and caries (humans)
Resins - highest
GIC - lowest

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31
Q

What reaction occurs to set glass ionomer (GIC)?

A

Acid-base reaction
reaction of (a basic) silicate glass powder and an ionomer liquid containing carboxylic acids (or polyacrylic acid). (They form ion cross-linked polymer matrices surrounding glass-reinforcing filler particles).

GIC/composite hybrid) using liquid water-free polyacid monomer in place of polyacrylic acid that leads to a polyacid-modified composite resin. These materials possess a combination of characteristics of composites and glass-ionomers- but are essentially polymer-based composites that have been modified to permit fluoride release from the glass phase.

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32
Q

What are the names of A and B?

Verstraete Ch 13

A

B. Seldin #304W elevator
B. Luxator

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33
Q

What type of elevators are triangular shaped, come in pairs for left and right and are designed to be used with a “wheel and axle” motion

Verstraete Ch 13

A

Cryer elevators

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34
Q

What are the names of A and B?

Verstraete Ch 13

A

A.) Apexo #301 apical elevator
B.) Davis #11 root tip teaser

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35
Q

What are the names of A and B?

Verstraete Ch 13

A

A.) F-150 Cryer forceps
B.) FX-49 forceps

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36
Q

What are the names of the top and bottom instruments?

Ch 23

A

Top: Ochsenbein #1
Bottom: Kramer-Nevins #1/2

Both bone chisels used for periodontal surgery

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37
Q

Describe the formula of a cutting instrument.

A
  1. Blade width
  2. Cutting edge angle
  3. Blade length
  4. Blade angle
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38
Q

What is the name of this instrument?

A

Williams probe or QOW probe

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39
Q

What is the name of this instrument?

A

Nabers probe, checks for furcations

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40
Q

What is the name of this instrument?

A

Fahrenkrug plugger

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41
Q

What is the name of this instrument?

A

11/12 ODU (Old Dominion University) Explorer -> for caries, calculus, furcations, restorations

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42
Q

What is the name of this strument?

A

Explorer #17

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43
Q

What is the name of this instrument?

A

Minnesota Retractor

44
Q

What is the name of this instrument?

A

Root tip pick EBH 13/14

45
Q

What is the name of this instrument?

A

78 straight root tip elevator

46
Q

What instrument is this?

A

Periosteal elevator Molt 2/4

47
Q

What instrument is this?

A

La Grange Scissors

48
Q

What instrument is this?

A

Iris scissors

49
Q

What is the name of this instrument?

A

Gracey currete

50
Q

What instrument is this?

What is it called when combined with a curved sickle scaler?

A

Straight sickle scaler

Combined: U15/33 Towner-Jacquette

51
Q

What are the roles of each of the following:

Periodontal chisel
Periodontal sickle scaler
Periodontal hoe
Peridontal curette
Periodontal file

A

Periodontal chisel used to remove gross supragingival calculus

Periodontal sickle scaler used to remove supragingival calculus

Periodontal hoe used to remove supragingival and fairly superficial subgingival calculus

Periodontal curettes used to remove subgingival calculus and debris, for gingival curettage and for root planing

Periodontal file used for root planing

52
Q

What endo files are pictured, from left to right

JVD 1991, Wiggs

A

H-type ftle
K-type reamer
K-type file
barbed broach

53
Q

What endo instruments are pictured here?

JVD 1991, Wiggs

A

G-type
reamer (Gates-Glidden) - left
P-type reamer (Peeso) - right

54
Q

Name these trephines

Easley ch 22

A

Galt trephine (Left), modified wood drill bit (Center) and a Michelle trephine (Right).

55
Q

Name this instrument used for intraoral secitoning of teeth and it’s bur lengths

Leps Frontiers 2024

A

IC300 90° and KC300 50° heads mounted on the Equus Dental Harmony® handle with 3.175 tungsten carbide sectioning burrs of 38-, 51-, 64-, and 77-mm lengths.

56
Q

Name this instrument and its varieties

Leps Frontiers 2024

A

Pegasos Elevator sets with 0°, 8°, 18°, and 30° T-handles with curettes, narrow (4 mm) and large (5 mm) elevators of variable lengths

57
Q

Name this instrument

VCNA 2020 Geiche

A

T handled gingival elevators

58
Q

What instrument group are these examples of?

VCNA 2020 Geiche

A

Molar spreaders

59
Q

What different sizes of molar forceps are depicted here?

VCNA 2020 Geiche

A

Miniature horse/pony, mandibular, and maxillary molar sizes (left to right)

60
Q

Name this instrument

61
Q

What is the name of the speculum shown below?

Easley 2022 chp 28

A

Modified Gunther speculum

62
Q

What is the timeline of tensile strength loss in Monocryl (Poligecaprone 25) suture?

JVD 2014 issue 3

A

Tensile strength is 50 % at 7-days, 20-25 % at 14 -days, and 100 % at 21-days.

63
Q

Absorbable sutures lose all measureable tensile strength and degrade in how many days?

JVD 2014, Issue 3. “Suture material and needle options in oral and periodontal surgery” Domnick

64
Q

What are the advantages of using poligecaprone 25 (monocryl)?

JVD 2014, Issue 3. “Suture material and needle options in oral and periodontal surgery” Domnick

A

Very low tissue drag
most pliable of all absorbable sutures
Good knot security
very good ease of handling
very high initial tensile strength and strength:size ratio –> can use smaller sutures
rapid loss of tensile strength –> 50% at 7 days, 20-25% at 14 days, 100% at 21 days
completely absorbed at 120 days

65
Q

What is Polyglactin 910 and when is there no detectable tensile strength left?

JVD 2014, Issue 3. “Suture material and needle options in oral and periodontal surgery” Domnick

A

Vicryl, 28 days

66
Q

How are ALL synthetic sutures degraded?

JVD 2014, Issue 3. “Suture material and needle options in oral and periodontal surgery” Domnick

A

Hydrolysis, which results in more predictable absorption times

67
Q

What are the two phases that suture absorption occurs in chromic gut?

JVD 2014, Issue 3. “Suture material and needle options in oral and periodontal surgery” Domnick

A

Collagenolysis and proteolytic enzyme digestion and absorption

68
Q

How long do non-absorbable sutures maintain their tensile strength? When do they need to be removed?

JVD 2014, Issue 3. “Suture material and needle options in oral and periodontal surgery” Domnick

A

Non-absorbable sutures maintain tensile strength for greater than 60 days.
Non-absorbable suturesneed to be removed in 7 to 21days

69
Q

What is Polyglecaprone 25?

JVD 2014, Issue 3. “Suture material and needle options in oral and periodontal surgery” Domnick

A

Monocryl

Absorbable MONOfilament

70
Q

What has the longest complete absorption in absorbable suture?

JVD 2014, Issue 3. “Suture material and needle options in oral and periodontal surgery” Domnick

A

PDS at 182 days

71
Q

What are sutures that are contraindicated in the mouth?

JVD 2014, Issue 3. “Suture material and needle options in oral and periodontal surgery” Domnick

A

Nonabsorbable sutures like nylon and polypropylene, and PDS

72
Q

Poliglecaprone maintains what percent of its tensile strength for 7 days and when is it completely degraded by?

Pegg “Clinical Evaluation of Intraoral Suture Patterns Using Poliglecaprone 25 in Greyhound Dogs,” JVD 2022

A

maintains 50-60% of tensile strength through 7 days
Completely degraded by hydrolysis after 91-119 days

73
Q

What is Polyglactin 910?

JVD 2014, Issue 3. “Suture material and needle options in oral and periodontal surgery” Domnick

A

Vicryl

Absorbable MULTIfilament

74
Q

What is Polydioxanone?

JVD 2014, Issue 3. “Suture material and needle options in oral and periodontal surgery” Domnick

A

PDS

absorbable MONOfilament

75
Q

What is the tensile strength loss timeline and complete absorption of Polyglactin 910?

JVD 2014, Issue 3. “Suture material and needle options in oral and periodontal surgery” Domnick

A

50% - 14 days
20% - 21 days
60-90 days complete or 56-70 days - depends on the source cited

Vicryl

76
Q

What is the tensile strength loss timeline and complete absorption of Poliglecaprone 25?

JVD 2014, Issue 3. “Suture material and needle options in oral and periodontal surgery” Domnick

A

60-70% - 7 days
30-40% - 14 days

Complete - 90-119 days

Monocryl

timeline differs by source - another says 50% - 7 d.20% - 14 d. in this paper

77
Q

What is the tensile strength loss timeline and complete absorption of Polydioxanone?

JVD 2014, Issue 3. “Suture material and needle options in oral and periodontal surgery” Domnick

A

74% - 14 days
58% - 28 days

Complete - 182-283 days

PDS

4-0 and smaller:
60% - 14 d
40% - 30 d
35% - 45 d

78
Q

What needle does this represent?

JVD 2014, Issue 3. “Suture material and needle options in oral and periodontal surgery” Domnick

A

A: 1/2 circle, cutting needle

79
Q

What needle does this represent?

JVD 2014, Issue 3. “Suture material and needle options in oral and periodontal surgery” Domnick

A

B: 3/8 circle, reversecutting needle

80
Q

What needle does this represent?

JVD 2014, Issue 3. “Suture material and needle options in oral and periodontal surgery” Domnick

A

C: 1/2 circle, taper needle

81
Q

What needle does this represent?

JVD 2014, Issue 3. “Suture material and needle options in oral and periodontal surgery” Domnick

A

D: 5/8 circle, taper-cut needle

82
Q

Name these forceps

Auer and Stick, ch 11

A

A. Mosquito
B. Kelly straight
C. Crile straight
D. Rochester-Pean

83
Q

Name these forceps

Auer and Stick, ch 11

A

(E) Rochester-Carmalt with details
(F) Rochester-Ochsner
(G) Kocher with details

84
Q

Name these tissue forceps

Auer and Stick, ch 11

A

(A) Doyen-DeBakey intestinal forceps straight.
(B) Allis tissue forceps.

85
Q

Name these tissue forceps

Auer and Stick, ch 11

A

(C) Babcock tissue forceps.
(D) Foerster sponge forceps, serrated straight.

86
Q

Name these retrators

Auer and Stick, ch 11

A

A. Army-Navy
B. Hohmann retractor
C. Meyerding retractor
D. Lahey retractor

87
Q

Name these towel clamps

Auer and Stick, ch 11

A

(A) Backhaus towel clamps.
(B) Roeder towel clamps.
(C) Lorna-Edna towel clamps.

88
Q

Name these self-retaining retractors

Auer and Stick, ch 11

A

(A) Gelpi retractor.
(B) Weitlaner retractor.
(C) Aanes retractor/speculum with different blades.
(D) Balfour retractor.

89
Q

Which blades do the following blade types fit?
No.3
No. 7
No. 4

Auer and Stick, ch 11

A

(A) Knife handle No. 3, fits surgical blades 10–15.
(B) Knife handle No. 3, long, fits surgical blades 10–15.
(C) Knife handle No. 7, fits surgical blades 10–15.
(D) Knife handle No. 4, fits surgical blades 20–25.

90
Q

Name these blade types

Auer and Stick, ch 11

A

10, 11, 12, 15.
(F) No. 22

91
Q

Name these suction tips

Auer and Stick, ch 11

A

A. Yankauer
B. Frasier-Ferguson
C. Poole

92
Q

Name these periosteal elevators

Auer and Stick, ch 11

A

A. Adson
B. McIlwraith
C. Freer

93
Q

Name these bone cutting instruments

Auer and Stick, ch 11

A

(A) Smith Peterson osteotome.
(B) Sontec Cottle osteotome.
(C) Hibbs chisel.
(D) Smith Peterson gouge.

94
Q

Name these rongeurs

Auer and Stick, ch 11

A

A. Ruskin
B. Stille-Luer

95
Q

What are these used for?

Auer and Stick, ch 11

A

Bone holding clamps

(A) Verbrugge bone clamp. (B) Kern bone clamp. (C) Stefan bone-holding forceps. (D) Bone-reduction clamp with ratchet.

96
Q

What are the two types of trephines available?

Auer and Stick, ch 11

A

Galt trephine: sizes 1.25 to 2.5 cm
Michele trephine: sizes 3 mm inside/5 mm outside up to 22 mm inside/25 mm outside

97
Q

What PSI of compressed air do the handpieces of a dental unit run on?

JVD 2019 Issue 3 “The Air-Driven Dental Unit: Form and Function at a Mechanical Level”

A

40 PSI

the compressor stores air in the tank at 80 PSI

98
Q

What is the rheostat?

JVD 2019 Issue 3 “The Air-Driven Dental Unit: Form and Function at a Mechanical Level”

A

The foot pedal

99
Q

What handpiece is shown here? What does the blue ring indicate? What is the RPM for this instrument?

JVD 2019 Issue 3 “The Air-Driven Dental Unit: Form and Function at a Mechanical Level”

A

Low-speed micromotor. (B) Straight nose attachment. (C) Contra-angle attachment.

Blue ring indicates no gear ratio

20,000-40,000 RPM

100
Q

What does a green band on a low speed handpiece indicate?

JVD 2019 Issue 3 “The Air-Driven Dental Unit: Form and Function at a Mechanical Level”

A

Green depicts that the handpiece has a reduction gear ratio such as a 4:1.

This means the speed of the attachment is 4 times slower than the rotation of the motor (if a motor is turning at 20 000 RPM, the attachment will be running at 5000 RPM)

101
Q

What does a red ring on a low speed handpiece indicate?

JVD 2019 Issue 3 “The Air-Driven Dental Unit: Form and Function at a Mechanical Level”

A

Red rings indicate a speed increasing handpiece such as a 1:5

which would take a 20 000 RPM motor to an attachment at 100 000 RPM

102
Q

What handpiece is shown here? What is the RPM for this instrument?

JVD 2019 Issue 3 “The Air-Driven Dental Unit: Form and Function at a Mechanical Level”

A

High speed handpiece
Eqipped with light (arrowhead)

350,000-400,000 RPM

No gear ratios for this instrument

103
Q

What type of coupling is shown here for the highspeed handpiece? What does each hole connect to?

JVD 2019 Issue 3 “The Air-Driven Dental Unit: Form and Function at a Mechanical Level”

A

(A) Four-hole coupling on a high-speed handpiece.
1. Drive air (smaller of the two large holes)
2. Exhaust air (larger of the two large holes)
3. Water.
4. Chip air - atomizes the water

104
Q

What are these couplings for the highspeed handpiece? What does 5 and 6 do?

JVD 2019 Issue 3 “The Air-Driven Dental Unit: Form and Function at a Mechanical Level”

A

(B) Five-hole coupling. 5. Light via fiber optics.

(C) Six-hole handpiece. 6. Electricity to a bulb within the handpiece.

105
Q

What is the working and set time of Protemp?

Easley ch 28

A

working time: 40 sec
setting time: 1 min 40 sec

106
Q

In Ringeisen’s 2018 paper “Influence of dental materials on cells of the equine periodontium” what materials were deemed safe and which had adverse effects on PDL fibroblasts?

Ringeisen 2018 EVJ

A

Pericare (oily CaOH suspension) and Provicol (temporary luting cement with CaOH used to affix crowns) had no adverse effects

Calyxl (barium sulphate pulp capping paste) and Honigum (impression material with monophase silicone base and VPS) had severe cytotoxic effects

Calyxl - immediate loss of cell viability
Honigum - increase IL-6 and COX-2 at 24 hrs and decreased viability then

Phase 1 Boards Prep - EQ (11 decks)

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