Endodontics Flashcards
In Lundstrom’s 2016 paper “Description of a technique for orthograde endodontic treatment of equine cheek teeth with apical infections,” what material was used for bulk filling of the restoration for definitive treatment and why?
EVE 2016
Zinc oxide eugenol free cement containing calcium hydroxide (Provical QM)
Does not chemically bind to dentin, authors see this as an advantage since if a bulk material binds to dentin and contracts with time → stresses the dental hard tissue which can lead to fracture
In Lundstrom’s 2016 paper “Description of a technique for orthograde endodontic treatment of equine cheek teeth with apical infections,” how much of the bulk fill of the restoration was removed and what material was used as the occlusal restoration?
EVE 2016
5mm removed
resin cement (Embrace WetBond medium viscosity)
In Lundstrom’s 2016 paper “Description of a technique for orthograde endodontic treatment of equine cheek teeth with apical infections,” teeth were retreated at what time interval?
EVE 2016
3-8 weeks after initial treatment
In Lundstrom’s 2016 paper “Description of a technique for orthograde endodontic treatment of equine cheek teeth with apical infections,” what was the success rate?
EVE 2016
80%
Follow up for 474 teeth, 3-6 years, median 5 years
In Lundstrom’s 2016 paper “Description of a technique for orthograde endodontic treatment of equine cheek teeth with apical infections,” remaining fistulas were seen in what percent of cases and what was the most common cause?
EVE 2016
10%
Coronal/occlusal seal leakage
In Lundstrom’s 2016 paper “Description of a technique for orthograde endodontic treatment of equine cheek teeth with apical infections,” what was the most common cause of treatment failure?
EVE 2016
Fracture of treated teeth
Percent of cases affected not noted
In Dacre’s 2008 paper “Pathological studies of cheek teeth apical infections in the horse. 1: Normal endodontic anatomy and dentinal structure of equine cheek teeth,” sections of cheek teeth taken 2–6 mm below the occlusal surface (variation due to normal undulating occlusal surface) showed the presence of pulp in what % of maxillary or mandibular cheek teeth?
Dacre TVJ 2008
50% of individual maxillary CT pulp horns,
25% of individual mandibular CT pulp horns
In Shaw’s 2008 paper “Pathological studies of cheek teeth apical infections in the horse: 2. Quantitative measurements in normal equine dentine” what is the average deposition rate for secondary dentine?
Shaw TVJ 2008
0.5–10 μm/day
In Shaw’s 2008 paper “Pathological studies of cheek teeth apical infections in the horse: 2. Quantitative measurements in normal equine dentine” what locations on the maxillary and mandibular CT respectively had thicker secondary dentine?
Shaw TVJ 2008
Overall, thicker sub-occlusally than in the mid-tooth region
Max: significantly thicker (72% in primary, 43% in regular secondary dentine) on the medial compared to the lateral aspects of pulp horns
Mand: 15% and 14% thicker in primary and regular secondary dentine thickness, respectively, on the their medial as compared to their lateral aspects
In Dacre’s 2008 paper “Pathological studies of cheek teeth apical infections in the horse: 3. Quantitative measurements of dentine in apically infected cheek teeth” what differences in primary and secondary dentine were noted?
Dacre TVJ 2008
Sig reduced regular and irregular secondary dentine thickness in diseased as compared to control CT (varying between 27.4% and 89.1% reduced secondary dentine levels compared to age and site matched control CT values)
No significant differences were found between diseased and control primary dentine thickness in maxillary CT
Long term lack of secondary dentine deposition in apically affected teeth
In Dacre’s 2008 paper “Pathological studies of cheek teeth apical infections in the horse: 4. Aetiopathological findings in 41 apically infected mandibular cheek teeth (CT = cheek teeth)” what % of teeth had open pulps, no pulp exposure, and fractures through pulp horns?
Dacre 2008 TVJ
Open pulp horns: 34%
No pulp exposure (anachoresis): 59%
Fractures through PH: 20%
In Dacre’s 2008 paper “Pathological studies of cheek teeth apical infections in the horse: 5. Aetiopathological findings in 57 apically infected maxillary cheek teeth (CT = cheek teeth) and histological and ultrastructural findings” what were the causes noted for the apical infection?
Dacre 2008 TVJ
Anachoretic infection in 51%
Infundibular caries 16%
Perio-endo in 12%
fractures and fissures in 9%
dysplasia in 5%
miscellaneous or undiagnosed causes in 7%.
In Dixon’s paper “Prevalence of occlusal pulpar exposure in 110 equine cheek teeth with apical infections and idiopathic fractures” how many teeth had occlusal pulp exposure?
M.S.D. van den Enden, P.M. Dixon TVJ 2008
Occlusal pulpar exposure was found in 32% of apically infected CT
A higher proportion (42%) of CT extracted because idiopathic fractures had pulpar exposure (26% multiple, 16% single pulps), especially with midline sagittal maxillary and miscellaneous pattern mandibular CT fractures, but only (3%) had occlusal pitting.
In du Toit’s 2008 paper “Pathological investigation of caries and occlusal pulpar exposure in donkey cheek teeth using computerised axial tomography with histological and ultrastructural examinations” what anatomic location was thought to be the route of bacterial exposure to pulp via caries?
du Toit TVJ 2008
amelo-cemental junction to be a possible route of bacterial infection in infundibular cemental caries
Histology identified the loss of occlusal secondary dentine, and showed pulp necrosis in teeth with pulpar exposure
In Simhofer’s paper “The use of oral endoscopy for detection of cheek teeth abnormalities in 300 horses,” what was the % incidence of cheek teeth fracture and what % of horses had at least 1 fractured tooth noted on exam?
Simhofer TVJ 2008
1.2% of all cheek teeth
22% of the horses
Of these accessory canal subtypes, what were the most common identified in Korsos et al 2024?
Korsos Frontiers 2024
95% accessory canals were singular - type A
