oral com Flashcards
” to understand is to perceive, to interpret, and to relate our perception and interpretation to what we already know” (McLean, 2003)
UNDERSTANDING
doing something together with one or more people
SHARING
it is a dynamic activity that is hard to describe because it changes
PROCESS
it is what we share through communication is the content or concept we share through communication
MEANING
two types of communication
NON-VERBAL, VERBAL
two types of verbal communication
FORMAL AND INFORMAL COMMUNICATION
also termed as official communication, a type which the sender follows the predefined channels
FORMAL COMMUNICATION
most commonly known as the grapevine of communication, this type in which the sender does not follow any predefined channels to transmit information.
INFORMAL COMMUNICATION
face-to-face communication, lectures, phone calls, seminars
ORAL
letters, e-mail, SMS
WRITTEN
it’s the process of sending and receiving messages without using words, either spoken or written.
NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION
what are the 6 types of non-verbal
CHRONEMICS, VOCALICS, KINESICS, HAPTICS, PROXEMICS, ARTIFACTS
it’s the use of time in communication, which speaks about the personality of the sender\receiver like punctuality, speed, speech, etc
CHRONEMICS
the appearance of a person speaks about his personality. ( way of clothing, carrying jewelry, lifestyle)
ARTIFACTS
the study of body language of a person (gestures, postures, facial expressions)
KINESICS
the use of touch in communication is the expression of feelings and emotions
HAPTICS
the volume, tone of voice and pitch used by sender communicating a message
VOCALICS
7 C’sof communication checklist
CLEAR, CONCISE, CONCRETE, CORRECT, COHERENT, COMPLETE, COURTEOUS
the distance maintained by a person while communicating with others, communicates about the relationship of the person with other like intimate, personal, social, public.
PROXEMICS
what are the 5 benefits of 7c’s
1.BUILDING TRUST
2. PREVENTING AND RESOLVING PROBLEMS
3. CREATES BETTER RELATIONSHIP
4. INCREASES ENGAGEMENT
5. IMPROVES PRODUCTIVITY
4 KEY COMPONENTS
- ENCODING
- DECODING
- MEDIUM
- FEEDBACK
the sender has to begin by deciding what he or she wants to transmit
ENCODING
after receiving a message, the receiver responds in some way and signals that response to the sender
FEEDBACK
conducted by the receiver, receiver begins to interpret the symbols sent by sender translating the message o their own set of experiences in order to make symbols meaningful.
DECODING
this is used to convey the message
MEDIUM
it is considered a process because it involves multiple steps and elements that work together to convey information from one party to another.
COMMUNICATION PROCESS
3 COMMUNICATION MODELS
- LINEAR MODEL
- INTERACTIVE MODELS
3.TRANSACTIONAL MODEL
this communication improves on the ideas expressed in the linear model.
INTERACTIVE MODEL
this communication expands on the earlier models by accounting for the simultaneous sending and receiving of messages during interaction, as well as the numerous ways in which the communication interaction.
TRANSACTIONAL
this communication , a speaker send a message to a listener who receives the message.
LINEAR MODEL
the person giving out information
SENDER
the person receiving the information
RECEIVER
the sender decides how she wants to convey her thoughts
ENCODING
the information being communicated
MESSAGE
the format in which the information is being conveyed
MEDIUM OR CHANNEL
how a person is able to understand ,, and interpret a message
DECODING
the response given by the individual receiving information
FEEDBACK
what are the two elements which affect the communication process
FEEDBACK AND INTERFERENCE
type of interference that comes from the inside of the speaker
INTERNAL INTERFERENCE
type of interference that is heard or used outside or within the environment
EXTERNAL INTERFERENCE
–refers to situation or environment and the
circumstances in which the communication
occurs.
SPEECH CONTEXT
defined as
communication with
one’s self, and that may
include self-talk, acts of
imagination and
visualization, and even
recall and memory
(McLean, S., 2005).
INTRAPERSONAL
Involves thinking, concentration and analysis even
daydreaming and nocturnal dreaming. Prayer,
contemplation and meditation also are part of this category.
INTERNAL DISCOURSE
–Includes speaking aloud to oneself. This may be done to
clarify thinking, to rehearse a message intended for others
SOLO VOCAL DISCOURSE
Deals with writing not intended for others.
Example: an entry in a diary or personal journal.
SOLO WRITTEN COMMUNICATION
–refers to communication
between two or more people. It
involves the exchange of
messages, ideas, and
information between
individuals.
INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
involves two people.
Example: Two friends talking.
DYADIC COMMUNICATION
involves three or more persons
Example: Work meeting, school group work
SMALL GROUP COMMUNICATION
involves a large group with a primarily one-way monologue style
generating only minimal feedback.
PUBLIC COMMUNICATION
- takes place through television, radio, news, book, billboards, internet, and other types of media.
Example: Writing about a current issue through school paper
MASS COMMUNICATION
is the verbal and nonverbal interaction between people from different cultural backgrounds.
INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION
the process by which individual learns traditional content of a culture and assimilates its practices and values.
ENCULTURATION
believing that the people, customs, and traditions, of your own race or nationality are better than those of other races
ETHNOCENTRISM
the set idea that people have about what someone or something is like, especially an idea that is wrong
STEREOTYPING
is an unfair and unreasonable opinion or feeling when formed without enough thought or knowledge
PREJUDICE
