Oral Cavity Histology Flashcards
1
Q
- Physically and functionally external to the body
- Segments are specialized for **specific aspects of digestion and absorption
**
A
Allimentary Canal
2
Q
- Tongue
- teeth
- salivary glands,
- pancreas
- liver
- gallbladder
A
Organs of the GI
3
Q
Function of?
- digestive enzymes (pancrease)
- HCl(stomach)
- mucin, antibodies
A
Secretion of mucosa
4
Q
Function of?
- vitamins
- water
- electrolytes
- bile component
- cholesterol
A
Absorbtion function of mucosa
5
Q
function of
prevent entry of noxious substances, antigens, pathogens.
A
Barrier funcion of mucosa
6
Q
first line of immune defense, innate.
A
Immunological protection of mucosa
7
Q
What are the 2 primary spaces of the oral cavity?
A
- Vestibule
- Oral Cavity proper
8
Q
space between lips, cheeks, and teeth
A
Vestibule
9
Q
behind teeth, bounded by hard and soft palates, tongue and floor of the mouth, and entrance to oropharynx
A
Oral cavity proper
10
Q
What are the 3 major paried salivary glands?
A
- Parotid
- Submandibular
- Sublingual
11
Q
What are the minor salivary glands?
aggregations of lymphatic nodules
A
- Waldeyers tonsillar ring
(paletine, tubal, pharyngeal, lingual)
12
Q
3 mucousa of the oral cavity?
A
- Masticatory
- Lining
- Specialized
13
Q
Keratinized and Parakeratinized stratified squamous epithelium
Gingiva and hard palate
A
Masticatory mucosa
14
Q
- Generally nonkeratinized, may be parakeratinized
- Lips, cheeks, alveolar mucosal surface, floor of mouth, inferior surfaces of the tongue, soft palate
- Covers striated muscle keep under tongue.
A
Lining mucosa
15
Q
- Papillae Taste buds
- Dorsal surface of the tongue
- Generate chemical sensation of taste
A
Specialized mucosa
16
Q
keratinized epithelium that has not lost its nucleus, nucleus remains until cell is exfoliated.
A
Parakeritinzied
17
Q
thick papillary layer of loose connective tissue
* Contains blood vessels and nerves
A
Lamina Propria
18
Q
3 layers of the lining mucosa
A
- Stratum superficiale (surface)
- Spinosum (middle), several layers thick
- Basale (bottom) single layer
19
Q
The lining mucosa is highly ___
A
Higly vascularized!
good for oral transmucosal drug delivery
20
Q
An advatage of high vasculairzation of the lining mucosa is what?
A
Drug enters directly into systemic circulation bypassing the liver (first pass), so lower doses still effective
21
Q
Linning mucosa
- Sebaceous glands not associated with a hair follicle
- Lateral to the corner of the mouth and opposite the molar teeth
A
Fordyce Spots
22
Q
- Salivary antimicrobial peptides
- β-defensins
- α-defensins
- Secretory immunoglobulin A
all do what?
A
Function as a protective barrier produced by oral mucosa. Maintain normal oral microbiome
Distruption with xerostomia or immmunocompise BAD
23
Q
Muscular organ projecting into the oral cavity
A
Tongue
24
Q
Lingual Muscles
one attachment outside of the tongue
A
Extrinsic muslce
25
# Lingual Muscles
without external attachment
Intrinsic muscle
26
# Lingual muscle
**arranged in three planes** (only muscle in body with this)
* allows flexibility for speech + bolus mvmt
Strated muscle of tongue
27
# Dorsal surface of tonfue
Anterior-posterior separated by ____ right behind circumvale papillae
sulcus terminalis
28
**apex of sulcus terminalis**
Remanent from embryonic formation of thyroid gland
Foramen cecum
29
smallest and most numerous,**does NOT contain taste buds**
Filiform
30
**mushroom-shaped**, contains **taste buds**, more numerous near **tongue tip**
Fungiform
31
large, **dome shaped (8-12),** contain **taste buds**, von Ebner glands empty **serous secretions at base**
Cicumvallate
32
**lateral edge of tongue,** become **less pronounced with age**, contain **taste buds**
Foliate
33
?
Circumvalllate
34
# Cells in taste buds
**Most numerous cells** in taste buds. Replaced about every **10 days**. **Sensory cells.** Are connected with afferent.
neuroepithelial cells
35
# Cells in taste buds
**do not synapse with nerve cells**, not connected with afferent nerve fibers.
Supporting cells
36
# Cells in taste buds
stem cells for sensory and supporting cells
basal Cells
37
# What sensation or receptor?
Sweet, salty, bitter, sour, umami
Chemical Sensation
38
# What sensation or receptor?
Bitter, sweet, and umami
G-protien coupled taste receptors
39
# What sensation or receptor?
Sour
Generated by H+ channel
40
# What sensation or receptor?
Salty
Generated by Na+ channel
41
2 ____ produce a wide variety of protiens
2 taste receptor genes.
42
# Tongue Nerve Supply
General sensation:
* ant 2/3?
Ant 2/3= CN5
| gen sen
43
# Tongue Nerve Supply
General sensation:
* post 1/3?
Post 1/3= CN9/CN10
| gen sen
44
# Tongue Nerve Supply
Taste:
* Ant 2/3?
Ant 2/3= chorda tympani branch of CN7
| taste
45
# Tongue Nerve Supply
Taste:
* Post 1/3?
Post 1/3= CN9/CN10
| taste
46
# Tongue Nerve Supply
Motor?
CN12 hypoglossal
| Motor
47
hard, thin, translucent layer of acellular mineralized tissue that covers the crown of the tooth
Enamel
| Hardest substance in body
48
deep to enamel in the crown and the cementum in the root
Dentin
49
thin, pale-yellowish layer of bone-like calcified tissue covering the dentin of the root of the teeth
Cementum
50
96-98% if enamel is made of what?
calcium hydroxyapatite
| 50% in bone
51
trend in enamel thickness?
Varies, up to 2.5mm on cusp of crowns, thinnest cervically.
52
Explain enamel arrangement
* Rods
* Parallel to long axis rod
52
In deciduous teeth a line of ____ represents **nutritional changes which take place between pre and post natal life.
**
Hypermineralization
53
mineralization (ex. Childhood illnesses, mothers diet during pregnancy) can affect the __ of teeth
mineralization in teeth.
54
enamel is produced by _____ process of ____
Ameloblast in process of amelogenisis
55
# Stages of amelogenesis
formation of **mineralized tissues** followed by dentin formation
matix prodiction
56
# Stages of amelogenesis
**maturation of mineralized enamel** matrix, removal of organic material
Matrix mineralization
| removal of organic elements
57
# Proteins of the developing enamel
establish and maintain the spacing of the enamel rods
Amelogenin
58
# Proteins of the developing enamel
signaling proteins
Ameloblastins
59
# Proteins of the developing enamel
proteins distributed throughout the enamel layer for arrangments
Enamelins
60
# Proteins of the developing enamel
proteins of the dentinoenamel junction
Tuftelins
61
Cementum is produced by?
Cementoblasts
62
* Secrete an extracellular matrix called **cementoid**
* incorporated into the cementum and become **cementocytes**
Cementoblasts
63
**collagen fibers** which project from **periodontal ligament into cementum**
Sharpey Fibers
64
Calcified material that forms most of the tooth substance
Dentin
65
Dentin is secreted by?
Odontoblasts
66
* Newly secreted organic matrix, closest to odontoblasts
Predentin
67
initiates mineralization (helps convert pre dentin to dentin)
Dentin phosphoprotein
68
involved in mineralization of dentin
Dentin sialoprotein
69
* Loose connective tissue with **rich vascularization** and **abundant nerve supply**
* Blood Vessels and nerves enter via apical foramen
Dental Pulp
70
Nerve fiber enter inner portion of dental tubules and interact with odontoblast processes, how teeth recognized heat and cold via receptros.
Sensation of pain
| increse substance P
71
**thin layer of compact bone** which forms the wall of the alveolus
* Attachment site of PDL
Alveolar bone proper
72
* Tooth fixation
* Tooth support
* Bone remodeling (during tooth movement)
* Proprioception
* Tooth eruption
PDL
73
Masicatory mucosa
Gingiva mucosa
74
Adhears to tooth
JE
75
lined with crevicular epithelium, continuous with junctional epithelium
Gingival sulcus
76
All tissues involved in the attachment of a tooth to the maxilla or mandible are a part of the periodontium
Periodontum
* Crevicular and junctional epithelium
* Cementum
* Periodontal ligament
* Alveolar bone
77
What are the 3 **major salivary glands**
1. Parotid
2. Submandibilar
3. Sublingual
| paired glands with long ducts that empty into the oral cavity
78
What are the 4 **minor salivary glands**
1. Lingual
2. Labial
3. Buccal
4. Molar
5. palatine
| located in the submucosa of the oral cavity
79
3 types of secratory gland acini>
1. Serous
2. Mucous
3. Mixed
80
Only serous cells (**parotid**, serous secretory production only, watery)
Seorus acini
81
Only mucous cells
Mucous acini
82
Mixture of serous and mucous cells **(submandibular & sublingual)**
Mixed acini
83
Pyramidal cells
Large amounts of rER, free ribosomes, Golgi
Serous Cells
84
* Mucin-secreting cells
* Mucus is stored as mucinogen granules
Mucous Cells
85
* **Contractile cells** at basal aspect of acinar secretory cells
* **Generate contractile force** required for **ejection of serous or mucous** fluid from glands
Myoepithelial Cells
86
* leads from the acinus, **most prominent in glands **which produce watery serous secretion **(parotid) **
* furthers from oral caviy, connected to cells producing **serous & mucous**
Intercalated duct
87
contains striations (middle portion)
Striated ducts
88
portion which **empties into the oral cavity**, connection from where acinus products are produced
Excretory duct
89
completely serous,
Parotid gland
90
**mixed gland**s, mostly serous
Submandibular gland
91
**mixed glands**, mostly mucus,
Sublingual gland
92
Combined secretions of all major and minor salivary glands
Saliva
93
How much saliva per day?
1-2L per day
MOISTEN
94
Saliva contains ____ which breaks complex carbs down into sugars
α-amylase
95
dry mouth(xerostomia due to medication or autoimmune disease) can result in ____ lack of saliva
caries outbreak
96
Saliva is a source of ____ and ____ ions essential for tooth development and maintencnece
Calciuma phosphate ions
97
Usually occur in major salivary glands
80% are benign
Salivary Gland tumors
98
gustatory sweating and facial flushing whenever you eat.
**Frey Syndrome** as aresult of complication of surgucal treatment of salivary gland tumors
| Chicken nuggie sweats
99
* **Systemic autoimmune disease**
* Dry mouth and eyes
* Alteration of myoepithelial cells reduction in actin **(reduces contractile ability of myoepithelial cells, cant push out saliva) in salivary glands**
Reduces saliva flow
Primary Sjogren syndrom
100
* quadrant designated by angles
* 1-8
Palmer system
101
* two numbers
* first number for quarant (1-4)
* second number for tooth (1-8)
Internantional system
102
* Numbering start in upper right quadrant
* 1-32
American system
