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IHP 1001 > Ch.9 Adipose Tissue > Flashcards

Ch.9 Adipose Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

Adipose tissue plays a key role in___

A

energy homeostasis

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2
Q

What is the storage form of energy, 2x the energyy density of carbs and proteins?

A

Tryglycerides

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3
Q

Adipose tissue is an ____ organ

A

Endocrine organ

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4
Q

What are the 2 types of adipose tissue

A
  1. White (unolocular)
  2. Brown (multilocular)
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5
Q

4 main functions of white adipose tissue?

A
  1. Energy storage
  2. Insulation
  3. Protect vital organs
  4. Hormone Secretion
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6
Q

White adipose tissue classification

  • Good for thermal insulation
  • Concentrated under the skin
    Abdomen
    Buttocks
    Axilla
    Thigh
A

Subcutaenous Fat

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7
Q

White adipose tissue classification

  • Protection of organs
  • Greater omentum, mesentery, retroperitoneal space
A

Internal Fat

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8
Q
  • Biologically active substances
  • Hormones, growth factors, cytokines
A

Adipokines

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9
Q

Leptin Does what?

A
  • Inhibits food intake
  • Depending on levels stimulates metabolic rate
  • Ciculating satiety factor
  • Binds to receptors in the **hypothalamus **
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10
Q

Increased levels of TNG-α, IGF-1, IL-6 – may influence development of metabolic syndrome and diabetes, oversecretion of cytokeienes.

A

Obesity

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11
Q

Obsity results in ____ adipocytes with gigantic lipid droplets

A

Hypertrophic adipocytes

BIG

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12
Q

Compare number of dead adipocytes in an obese person compared to healthy

A

30x more dead in obsese

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13
Q

High number of dead adipocytes results in what? due to obesity

A

Chronic low grade inflammation
* TNF-α and IL-6 levels up trying to clear the dead cells

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14
Q

____ Contributes to development of
* metabolic syndrome
* diabetes
* predictior of cardiovascular disease specifically artherlsclerosis.

A

Chronic Low grade infl.

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15
Q

White adipose tissue cells differentiate from what cell?

A

Perivascular mesenchymal stem cell

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16
Q

What functions as the master switch for initiation of differentiation from perivascular mesenchymal stem cell into White adipose cell

A

PPARγ/RXR complex

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17
Q

?

A

White Adipose tissue

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18
Q

explain structure of white adipose tissue

A
  • **Unilocular **
  • Large, round
  • Surrounded by reticular fiber (Type 3 collagen
  • Poor blood supply
  • Large vacuole in center villed with fat
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19
Q

Short-Term Weight Regulation

Appetite stimulant; hunger stimulation in the hypothalamus

A

Ghrelin

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20
Q

Short-Term Weight Regulation

appetite suppressant weight regulation. Acts through receptors in hypothalamus

A

Peptide YY

21
Q

Where are short term weight regulators released from and do they affect weight?

A

Released from stomach, dont affect weight that mych

22
Q

What the 2 long term weight regulators hormones important in fat mass and weight gain?

A
  1. Leptin
  2. Insulin
23
Q

Where is Ghrelin produced?

A

Gastric epithelial cells

24
Q

overproduction of ghrelin leads to morbid obesity
Compulsive eating and food obsession HUNGRY

A

Prader Willis syndrome

25
Q

Adipose tissue hormone

26
Q

Levels of leptin in the blod reflect what?

A

Adipose tissue mass (amount of stored energy)

hig= high BMR

27
Q

What does Leptin do to the CNS?

A

Guides CNS to maintain balance between food ingestion and energy use

28
Q

What happens to leptin levels during starvation?

A

Levels decreases
* Decreased energy use
* Low basal metabolic rate

protective mechanism to combat starvation

29
Q

Pancreatic hormone,

30
Q

What does inslin do?

A

Enhances conversion of glucose -> triglycerides for stored energy.

  • req for **accumululation of adipose tissue **

increase obesity due to glucose rich foods

31
Q

Deposition and Mobilization of Fat

Fasting and cold exposure release
* Norepinephrine, which activate lipases-> lipid mobilization -> increase metabolism -> *produce more heat. *

A

Neural control

32
Q

Deposition and Mobilization of Fat

    • insulin promote lipid synthsis
  • Glucagon increases liploysis to acess energy stores
  • Growth hormone increases lypolysis
  • Cortisol stimulat lipolysis
A

Hormonal control

33
Q

Key thermogenic tissue; makes heat

A

Brown adipose tissue

34
Q

What tissue makes up about 5% body mass in newbornes to maintain temperatures?

A

Brown adipose tissues

35
Q

Explain structure of **brown adipose tissues*

A
  • **Multilocular **
  • Small cellls
  • Many lipid droplets
  • Large # mitochondria
  • Lots of vasculatrue

Acess energy fast!

36
Q

?

A

Brown adipose TIssue

37
Q

What cells do brown adipocytes diffrentiate from?

A

Skeletal myogenic progenitor cell

38
Q

what is the master switch for intiation of brown adipocyte differentiation?

A

PRDM16/PGC-1
* regulate expression of UCP-1 essential for thermogensisi, prevents degeneration of ATP

39
Q

Thermogenesis in Brown Adipose Tissue

Oxidation of lipid warms blood as it flows through brown adipose tissue

A

Nonshivering thermogenisis

40
Q

Thermogenesis in Brown Adipose Tissue

  • Found in mitochondria for BAT
  • Uncouples oxidation (stops generation) of fatty acids from ATP production
  • Energy is dissipated (produced) as heat instead of captured in ATP
A

UCP-1 Uncoupling protien 1

41
Q

Thermogenesis in Brown Adipose Tissue

Metabolic activity of BAT is primarily regulated by _____

A

norepinephrine

42
Q

What does Norepinephrin do with UCP-1

A

stimulates lipolysis/hydrolysis of triglycerides and increases UCP-1 expression and activity

43
Q

Explain cold and NE and thermogenisis

A
  1. Cold
  2. Release NE from brain
  3. Stimulate Lypolysis of brown fat cells
  4. Shuttle into mitochondria
  5. UCP-1 causes generationof heat INSTEAD of energy
44
Q

Adipose can convet either way in reposne to what?

A

Thermonegic needs

45
Q

3-5 days of cold exposure will increase the amount of?

A

Increae amout of Brown adipose Tissue (generates heat better)

46
Q

Transdifferntiation from hot ot cold occurs ___

49
Q

Adipose tissue tumors

  • Lipoma= common benign tumor in adults
  • Conventional lipomas= WA
  • Fibrolipomas= adipocytes srrounded by fibrous tissue
  • Angiolipomas= adipocytes seperated by vascular channeles
  • Liposarcomas= malignant tumor, mature adipocytes
  • Hibernomas= rare tumor of BAT
A
  • Lipoma= common benign tumor in adults
  • Conventional lipomas= WA
  • Fibrolipomas= adipocytes srrounded by fibrous tissue
  • Angiolipomas= adipocytes seperated by vascular channeles
  • Liposarcomas= malignant tumor, mature adipocytes
  • Hibernomas= rare tumor of BAT

IHP 1001 (18 decks)

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