Oral Cavity Flashcards
The oral cavity is also known as the _______________
Buccal Cavity
What does the buccal cavity contain?
Everything in the mouth - teeth, tongue and everything require to ingest food
What two parts does the oral cavity consist of and what are they?
- The vestibule - space between the lips, cheeks and outer surface of teeth
- Oral cavity proper - space bordered by the inner surface of the teeth and hard and soft palates
What is the opening of the mouth called?
Oral fissure
What is prehension?
The process of bringing food into the oral cavity
What 3 layers are the lips and cheeks made up of?
Outer layer of haired skin, middle layer of muscles and fibroelastic tissue, inner layer of mucosa
What are the muscles of the middle muscular layer of the cheeks called?
Mastication muscles
What is the philtrum?
Cleft that divides the two halves of the upper lip
The palate consists of 2 distinct parts, what/ where are they?
- Hard palate - Rostral, made up of the palatine, maxillary, and incisive bones
- Soft palate - Caudal, made up of muscle and connective tissue that divides the pharynx into the oropharynx and nasopharynx
Teeth are found in sockets or cavities called _____________ and are held in placed by __________________
Alveoli, periodontal ligament
What are the 4 parts of the tooth?
Crown - projects above gingiva
Root - embedded into the alveoli below the gingiva
Apex - tip of the tooth where blood vessels and nerves enter
Neck - area where the crown and root meet
- Crown
- Enamel
- Dentin
- Pulp
- Root
- Apex
- Mucosa
- Gingiva
What is the surface of the tooth called that faces the cheek?
Buccal surface
What is the surface of the tooth called that faces the lips?
Labial surface
What is the surface of the tooth called that faces the tongue?
Lingual surface
What is the surface of the tooth called that faces the soft palate?
Palatal surface
What is the surface between two teeth called that faces the midline or center of the dental arch called?
Mesial surface
What is the surface between two teeth called that faces away from the midline or center of the dental arch called?
Distal surface
When referring to something towards the crown of the tooth what term is used?
Coronal
When referring to something towards the root of the tooth what term is used?
Apical
The hardest substance in the body that covers the crown of the tooth is called what?
Enamel
What lies beneath enamel that is as hard as bone?
Dentin
The dentin surrounds and inner area called the ________________ that contains the _______________ and ________________ which supply the tooth
Pulp cavity, blood supply, nerves
What are the 2 classifications of teeth?
Brachyodont, hypsodont
What is the difference between brachyodont and hypsodont teeth?
Brachyodont - small crowns, well developed roots, do not grow continually
Hypsodont - large reserve of crown beneath gingiva, grow continually
What species have hypsodont teeth?
Horse’s incisors and cheek teeth, boar’s canine teeth, rodents, lagomorphs
What does “floating the teeth” mean?
To file down sharp elongated ridges that horses develop on their teeth from uneven wear
A thin bonelike covering over the roots of the teeth
Cementum
- Enamel
- Pulp cavity
- Cementum
- Periodontal ligament
- Bone
- Dentin
The ______________ membrane is made up of dense fibrous connective tissue that links the cementum with the ______________ wall
Periodontal, alveolar
Name 3 characteristics of deciduous teeth
- Smaller & whiter
- Present at birth
- Erupt at different times - species dependent
What are the four types of heterodont dentition?
- Incisors
- Canine
- Premolar
- Molar
Instead of upper incisors, ruminants have a _________________
Dental pad
What is the horses upper first premolar called that is often missing or vestigial?
Wolf tooth
What are the largest cutting teeth in the jaw of the carnivore called and where are they?
Carnassial teeth - premolar 4 on the upper jaw and molar 1 on the mandible
How are the teeth numbered using the Triadan System?
Right maxillary arch - 100 series
Left maxillary arch - 200 series
Left mandibular arch - 300 series
Right mandibular arch - 400 series
The tongue consists of both extrinsic and intrinsic muscles that function as what?
Extrinsic - anchor it in place
Intrinsic - originate/ insert on the tongue itself, make it flexible / maneuverable
What 3 parts does the tongue consist of?
Apex - tip of the tongue
Body - links apex with root
Root - anchors the tongue to the hyoid bone and sides of the mandible
What are the mechanical functions of the papillae on the dorsal surface of the tongue?
Grooming and moving food into the pharynx
What are the specialized functions of the papillae on the dorsal surface of the tongue?
Taste sensation, pain, temperature, touch, thermoregulation through panting in dogs
Saliva is composed mainly of water, but also contains what?
Protein, electrolytes, antibodies, glycoproteins, organic molecules, salivary bicarbonate and enzymes
What are the two enzymes found in saliva?
Lysozyme - helps control bacteria
Amylase - helps in breakdown of starches
What species lack salivary amylase?
Dogs, cats, ruminants - Horses produce some, pigs produce the most
What are the functions of saliva?
Lubrication, antibacterial action, pH regulation, thermoregulation, enzymatic digestion
What are the 3 main salivary glands and what so they secrete?
Parotid - located ventral to the ear, secretion is serous
Mandibular/ Sublingual - located under the tongue, caudal to the jaw, secretion is mixed (serous/ mucous)
What does the TMJ form a connection between?
The condylar process of the mandible and the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone
What movements does the TMJ allow?
Extension, flexion, translation
What is the “translation” movement of the jaw?
Movement of the mandible laterally and rostrally
What influences how much translation can occur?
Dietary preferences of different species
