Abdominal Cavity/ Monogastric Stomach

Question 1

The surfaces of organs are covered by a serous membrane called what?

Answer 1

Visceral peritoneum

Question 2

What lines the abdominal wall?

Answer 2

Parietal peritoneum

Question 3

What are the folds that connect the organs to the parietal peritoneum and to each other called?

Answer 3

Connecting peritoneum

Question 4

What are 2 types of connecting peritoneum?

Answer 4

Mesentery, omentum

Question 5

What does the mesentery do?

Answer 5

Suspends the intestines from the abdominal wall, supplies blood to intestines

Question 6

What does the omentum do?

Answer 6

Connects the stomach to the abdominal wall or to other organs

Question 7

What does the lesser omentum connect?

Answer 7

The lesser curvature of the stomach to the the duodenum and the liver

Question 8

What does the greater omentum connect?

Answer 8

The greater curvature of the stomach to the dorsal abdominal wall

Question 9

What is the purpose of omentum?

Answer 9

To store fat and assist in insulating the abdomen

Question 10

What are the functions of the stomach?

Answer 10

Storage of ingested food
Mechanical and chemical breakdown of food
Production of intrinsic factor for vitamin B12 absorption in small intestine

Question 11

What is mechanical digestion?

Answer 11

Reduces size of ingested particles which increases surface area that is available for the enzymes in chemical digestion to do their work

Question 12

What is chemical digestion?

Answer 12

Disruption of chemical bonds by the action of the enzymes and acids secreted in the stomach

Question 13

What is chyme?

Answer 13

Food that is in a semi-liquid state that has left the stomach and entered the duodenum - hypertonic, low pH

Question 14

What species have monogastric stomachs?

Answer 14

Dogs, cats, horses

Question 15

What species have ruminant stomachs?

Answer 15

Cows, goats, sheep

Question 16

Where is the monogastric stomach located?

Answer 16

Behind the diaphragm in the left cranial abdomen

Question 17

Where does the stomachs main blood supply come from?

Answer 17

Celiac artery

Question 18

Veins leaving the stomach join the ___________ vein that travels to the liver

Answer 18

Portal

Question 19

Transient folds in gastric mucosa that allow the stomach to expand and increase surface area for absorption

Answer 19

Rugae

Question 20

Gastric mucosa is made up of what type of epithelium?

Answer 20

Simple columnar

Question 21

What does the layer of mucus protect the stomach from?

Answer 21

Acidity of gastric secretions

Question 22

The horse and pig have a composite stomach, what does this mean?

Answer 22

The stomach wall contains glandular and non-glandular tissue

Question 23

The upper non-glandular portion and the lower glandular portion of the equine stomach has a clear line of demarcation called the ___________ ______________

Answer 23

Margo plicatus

Question 24

The glandular portion of the stomach can be divided into what three regions?

Answer 24

Fundus
Cardia
Pylorus

Question 25

The openings of ducts that are lined by glandular cells are called what?

Answer 25

Gastric pits

Question 26

Answer 26

1. Esophagus 2. Cardia 3. Pylorus 4. Duodenum

Question 27

Answer 27

1. Fundus 2. Body 3. Pyloric antrum

Question 28

Mucous glands secrete a thick layer of alkaline mucus to protect the mucosa against damage from the gastric acids in what part of the stomach?

Answer 28

Cardia

Question 29

Rugae are most prominent in this part of the stomach and it can expand to store food after a large meal

Answer 29

Fundus

Question 30

What are the 3 types of glandular cells that the gastric pits in the fundus and body of the stomach contain?

Answer 30

Mucous neck cells Parietal cells Chief cells

Question 31

What do the parietal cells secrete?

Answer 31

H and Cl that form HCl and intrinsic factor

Question 32

What do mucous neck cells secrete?

Answer 32

Thin, less viscous mucus

Question 33

What do chief cells secrete?

Answer 33

Pepsinogen

Question 34

Pepsin begins the chemical digestion of what?

Answer 34

Proteins

Question 35

Pepsinogen is secreted by chief cells and is converted to _____________ by _______________

Answer 35

Pepsin, HCl

Question 36

Pepsin is what type of enzyme?

Answer 36

Proteolytic meaning they break down protein

Question 37

What is the last glandular portion of the stomach?

Answer 37

Pyloric gland region

Question 38

Starting with the area continuous with the body of the stomach, what 3 regions does the pyloric gland region consist of in order?

Answer 38

Pyloric antrum Pyloric canal Pylorus

Question 39

The pylorus opens up into the duodenum through a circular muscle called what?

Answer 39

Pyloric sphincter

Question 40

The pyloric sphincter helps determine what?

Answer 40

Rate of gastric emptying

Question 41

What cells are found in the pyloric gland region?

Answer 41

Mucous secreting cells and G cells

Question 42

What do G cells secrete into the bloodstream?

Answer 42

Gastrin

Question 43

What 3 substances stimulate secretions by glandular cells?

Answer 43

Acetylcholine Gastrin Histamine

Question 44

____________ is secreted by enterochromaffin-like cells (ECL cells) in the gastric mucosa

Answer 44

Histamine

Question 45

_____________ comes from cholinergic neutrons

Answer 45

Acetylcholine

Question 46

What are the two phases of secretion?

Answer 46

Cephalic, gastric

Question 47

The cephalic phase of secretion begins when?

Answer 47

When an animal anticipates or is preparing to eat a meal

Question 48

What happens in the beginning of the cephalic phase of secretion?

Answer 48

Enteric nervous system is stimulated, acetylcholine is released and binds to receptors

Question 49

When acetylcholine is released during the cephalic phase of secretion, it binds to it's receptors and causes what 3 things to happen?

Answer 49

Parietal cells secrete H and Cl Chief cells secrete pepsinogen into stomach G cells secrete gastrin into bloodstream

Question 50

When gastrin travels to parietal and ECL cells, ECL cells release what?

Answer 50

Histamine

Question 51

_______________ triggers histamine release by ECL cells

Answer 51

Acetylcholine

Question 52

_____________ stimulates parietal cells to produce more H and Cl ions

Answer 52

Histamine

Question 53

When does the gastric phase of secretion begin?

Answer 53

When food enters the stomach

Question 54

During the gastric phase of secretion, glandular cells are further stimulated by what?

Answer 54

Stretching of the stomach wall

Question 55

During the gastric phase of secretion ____________ are formed by protein breakdown

Answer 55

Peptides

Question 56

During the gastric phase of secretion, released _______________ stimulates secretions

Answer 56

Acetylcholine

Question 57

During the gastric phase of secretion, the stomach can be as acidic as pH ________

Answer 57

2.0