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Anatomy > Abdominal Cavity/ Monogastric Stomach > Flashcards

Abdominal Cavity/ Monogastric Stomach Flashcards

1
Q

The surfaces of organs are covered by a serous membrane called what?

A

Visceral peritoneum

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2
Q

What lines the abdominal wall?

A

Parietal peritoneum

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3
Q

What are the folds that connect the organs to the parietal peritoneum and to each other called?

A

Connecting peritoneum

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4
Q

What are 2 types of connecting peritoneum?

A

Mesentery, omentum

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5
Q

What does the mesentery do?

A

Suspends the intestines from the abdominal wall, supplies blood to intestines

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6
Q

What does the omentum do?

A

Connects the stomach to the abdominal wall or to other organs

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7
Q

What does the lesser omentum connect?

A

The lesser curvature of the stomach to the the duodenum and the liver

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8
Q

What does the greater omentum connect?

A

The greater curvature of the stomach to the dorsal abdominal wall

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9
Q

What is the purpose of omentum?

A

To store fat and assist in insulating the abdomen

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10
Q

What are the functions of the stomach?

A

Storage of ingested food
Mechanical and chemical breakdown of food
Production of intrinsic factor for vitamin B12 absorption in small intestine

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11
Q

What is mechanical digestion?

A

Reduces size of ingested particles which increases surface area that is available for the enzymes in chemical digestion to do their work

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12
Q

What is chemical digestion?

A

Disruption of chemical bonds by the action of the enzymes and acids secreted in the stomach

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13
Q

What is chyme?

A

Food that is in a semi-liquid state that has left the stomach and entered the duodenum - hypertonic, low pH

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14
Q

What species have monogastric stomachs?

A

Dogs, cats, horses

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15
Q

What species have ruminant stomachs?

A

Cows, goats, sheep

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16
Q

Where is the monogastric stomach located?

A

Behind the diaphragm in the left cranial abdomen

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17
Q

Where does the stomachs main blood supply come from?

A

Celiac artery

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18
Q

Veins leaving the stomach join the ___________ vein that travels to the liver

A

Portal

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19
Q

Transient folds in gastric mucosa that allow the stomach to expand and increase surface area for absorption

A

Rugae

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20
Q

Gastric mucosa is made up of what type of epithelium?

A

Simple columnar

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21
Q

What does the layer of mucus protect the stomach from?

A

Acidity of gastric secretions

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22
Q

The horse and pig have a composite stomach, what does this mean?

A

The stomach wall contains glandular and non-glandular tissue

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23
Q

The upper non-glandular portion and the lower glandular portion of the equine stomach has a clear line of demarcation called the ___________ ______________

A

Margo plicatus

24
Q

The glandular portion of the stomach can be divided into what three regions?

A

Fundus
Cardia
Pylorus

25
Q

The openings of ducts that are lined by glandular cells are called what?

A

Gastric pits

26
Q
A
  1. Esophagus
  2. Cardia
  3. Pylorus
  4. Duodenum
27
Q
A
  1. Fundus
  2. Body
  3. Pyloric antrum
28
Q

Mucous glands secrete a thick layer of alkaline mucus to protect the mucosa against damage from the gastric acids in what part of the stomach?

A

Cardia

29
Q

Rugae are most prominent in this part of the stomach and it can expand to store food after a large meal

A

Fundus

30
Q

What are the 3 types of glandular cells that the gastric pits in the fundus and body of the stomach contain?

A

Mucous neck cells
Parietal cells
Chief cells

31
Q

What do the parietal cells secrete?

A

H and Cl that form HCl and intrinsic factor

32
Q

What do mucous neck cells secrete?

A

Thin, less viscous mucus

33
Q

What do chief cells secrete?

A

Pepsinogen

34
Q

Pepsin begins the chemical digestion of what?

A

Proteins

35
Q

Pepsinogen is secreted by chief cells and is converted to _____________ by _______________

A

Pepsin, HCl

36
Q

Pepsin is what type of enzyme?

A

Proteolytic meaning they break down protein

37
Q

What is the last glandular portion of the stomach?

A

Pyloric gland region

38
Q

Starting with the area continuous with the body of the stomach, what 3 regions does the pyloric gland region consist of in order?

A

Pyloric antrum
Pyloric canal
Pylorus

39
Q

The pylorus opens up into the duodenum through a circular muscle called what?

A

Pyloric sphincter

40
Q

The pyloric sphincter helps determine what?

A

Rate of gastric emptying

41
Q

What cells are found in the pyloric gland region?

A

Mucous secreting cells and G cells

42
Q

What do G cells secrete into the bloodstream?

A

Gastrin

43
Q

What 3 substances stimulate secretions by glandular cells?

A

Acetylcholine
Gastrin
Histamine

44
Q

____________ is secreted by enterochromaffin-like cells (ECL cells) in the gastric mucosa

A

Histamine

45
Q

_____________ comes from cholinergic neutrons

A

Acetylcholine

46
Q

What are the two phases of secretion?

A

Cephalic, gastric

47
Q

The cephalic phase of secretion begins when?

A

When an animal anticipates or is preparing to eat a meal

48
Q

What happens in the beginning of the cephalic phase of secretion?

A

Enteric nervous system is stimulated, acetylcholine is released and binds to receptors

49
Q

When acetylcholine is released during the cephalic phase of secretion, it binds to it’s receptors and causes what 3 things to happen?

A

Parietal cells secrete H and Cl
Chief cells secrete pepsinogen into stomach
G cells secrete gastrin into bloodstream

50
Q

When gastrin travels to parietal and ECL cells, ECL cells release what?

A

Histamine

51
Q

_______________ triggers histamine release by ECL cells

A

Acetylcholine

52
Q

_____________ stimulates parietal cells to produce more H and Cl ions

A

Histamine

53
Q

When does the gastric phase of secretion begin?

A

When food enters the stomach

54
Q

During the gastric phase of secretion, glandular cells are further stimulated by what?

A

Stretching of the stomach wall

55
Q

During the gastric phase of secretion ____________ are formed by protein breakdown

A

Peptides

56
Q

During the gastric phase of secretion, released _______________ stimulates secretions

A

Acetylcholine

57
Q

During the gastric phase of secretion, the stomach can be as acidic as pH ________

A

2.0

Anatomy (10 decks)

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