Oral Flashcards
What do you need on you for PIC
Gov. Photo ID = DL, passport
Medical
Pilots license = never expires
For student, logbook with endorsements.
Medical classes, uses and expiration and AGE
1st: Over 40 = 6 CM. Under 40 = 12 CM
2nd: 12 CM.
3rd: Over 40 24CM. Under 40: 60CM
AGE matter when reverting to 3rd class.
Example. 2nd class over 40 reverts to 3rd for 12 CM as they only get 24CM for 3rd.
When must you log flight time
When it counts towards a review flight, certificate or rating.
Part 1,43,61,91
1: Definitions
43: Maintenance, preventative maintenance.
61: Certification of pilots, flight and ground instructors.
91: General Operating and flight rules
Preventative maintenance
Atleast a private pilot, simple or minor preservation operations and the replacement of small standard parts not involving complex assembly operations. Example, replenishing hydraulic fluid and replacing wheel bearings and changing oil.
Current vs Proficient
Current: Legal, like take off and landings req. met
Proficient: Safe
Flight review
Every 24 CM. Checkride can take the place of it.
1hr ground and flight. Part 91 and maneuvers.
Different definitions of night for different things
Lights: Sunset/sunrise
Logbook/currency: Evening civil twilight - morning civil twilight
Landings: 1 hour past sunset - 1 hour before sunrise
What required equipment
91.203???
ATAMTOFLAMES THING
91.205
91.213
Notice to FAA for address change and alcohol and drugs offense.
30 days for address change
60 days for drug offense.
ELT
12CM, 1hr of cumulative use, half of battery usage
Tach vs Hobbs time & which for maintenance
Tach: for maintenance based off the engines rpms
Hobbs: for billing
4 left turning tendencies
P Factor: At high angles of attack (e.g., during climb), the descending blade (on the right) has a higher angle of attack than the ascending blade (on the left), producing more thrust on the right side. This imbalance creates a yawing force to the left.
Spiraling Slipstream: The propeller generates a spiraling slipstream of air that wraps around the fuselage and strikes the left side of the vertical stabilizer (rudder). This pushes the tail to the right, causing the nose to yaw left.
Torque: Newton’s Third Law – “For every action, there’s an equal and opposite reaction.” The propeller spins clockwise (from the cockpit), so the plane wants to roll left. At high power settings (like takeoff), you’ll feel the plane rolling to the left.
Precession: A spinning propeller acts like a gyroscope. When you apply a force to it (like pitching the nose up or down), the reaction happens 90° ahead in the direction of the spin. During takeoff in a tailwheel airplane, as the tail lifts, this causes the nose to yaw left.
Adverse Yaw
When you turn the airplane, the wing producing more lift (the upward-moving wing) also creates more drag. This drag pulls the nose in the opposite direction of the turn.
Types of drag
Induced: Product of lift, more lift more induced drag. Decreases with speed.
Parasite: Parasite drag is caused by the aircraft moving through the air and increases with airspeed
1. Form Drag: Drag caused by the shape of the aircraft or any object on it. Example landing gear always out.
2. Skin Friction Drag: Drag caused by air sticking to the surface of the aircraft. The smoother the surface, the less air clings to it. Rough or dirty surfaces increase this drag.
3. Interference Drag: Drag caused by airflow from different parts of the aircraft interfering with each other. At areas where parts of the airplane meet (like the wing and fuselage junction), airflows mix and create turbulence, increasing drag.
