Oral Flashcards
Preventative maintenance
Atleast a private pilot, simple or minor preservation operations and the replacement of small standard parts not involving complex assembly operations. Example, replenishing hydraulic fluid and replacing wheel bearings and changing oil.
Flight review
Every 24 CM. Checkride can take the place of it.
1hr ground and flight. Part 91 and maneuvers.
Different definitions of night for different things
Lights: Sunset/sunrise
Logbook: Evening civil twilight - morning civil twilight
Landing currency: 1 hour past sunset - 1 hour before sunrise
Notice to FAA for address change and alcohol and drugs offense.
30 days for address change
60 days for drug offense.
4 left turning tendencies
P Factor: At high angles of attack (e.g., during climb), the descending blade (on the right) has a higher angle of attack than the ascending blade (on the left), producing more thrust on the right side. This imbalance creates a yawing force to the left.
Spiraling Slipstream: The propeller generates a spiraling slipstream of air that wraps around the fuselage and strikes the left side of the vertical stabilizer (rudder). This pushes the tail to the right, causing the nose to yaw left.
Torque: Newton’s Third Law – “For every action, there’s an equal and opposite reaction.” The propeller spins clockwise (from the cockpit), so the plane wants to roll left. At high power settings (like takeoff), you’ll feel the plane rolling to the left.
Precession: A spinning propeller acts like a gyroscope. When you apply a force to it (like pitching the nose up or down), the reaction happens 90° ahead in the direction of the spin. During takeoff in a tailwheel airplane, as the tail lifts, this causes the nose to yaw left.
Adverse Yaw
When you turn the airplane, the wing producing more lift (the upward-moving wing) also creates more drag. This drag pulls the nose in the opposite direction of the turn.
Types of drag
Induced: Product of lift, more lift more induced drag. Decreases with speed.
Parasite: Parasite drag is caused by the aircraft moving through the air and increases with airspeed
- Form Drag: Drag caused by the shape of the aircraft or any object on it. Example landing gear always out.
- Skin Friction Drag: Drag caused by air sticking to the surface of the aircraft. The smoother the surface, the less air clings to it. Rough or dirty surfaces increase this drag.
- Interference Drag: Drag caused by airflow from different parts of the aircraft interfering with each other. At areas where parts of the airplane meet (like the wing and fuselage junction), airflows mix and create turbulence, increasing drag.
AOA, AOI.
Angle of attack: The angle between the chord line of the wing (imaginary line from the leading edge to the trailing edge) and the relative wind. Critical AOA is when wing stalls.
AOI: The fixed angle between the wing’s chord line and the airplane’s longitudinal axis (the nose-to-tail line).
How far from Thunderstorm
20 nm.
Carburetor icing
Decrease in RPM. Then increase as ice melts.
As high as 70f with humidity 80%.
4 Hypoxia
All, cyanosis and euphoria shortness of breath.
Hypoxic Hypoxia: Interupts flow of O2 to lungs
Hypemic Hypoxia: Blood can’t carry the oxygen (like carbon monoxide poisoning or anemia).
Histotoxic Hypoxia: Cells can’t use the oxygen they receive (due to toxins like alcohol or drugs).
Stagnant Hypoxia: Blood is not circulating properly, so oxygen isn’t being delivered to tissues. Age or poor health.
Interception
Approaches pilot side matches speed and altitude, rocks wings and nav lights at night = Intercepted
Slow level turn infront of you = Follow them
Abrupt turn across nose with maybe flares = Warning turn and follow them immediately.
Circles airport lowers landing gear over runway = land here.
Performs break away = fighter understands inentions
Axis the primary controls move the plane on
Alieron: Long
Stabilator: Lat
Rudder: Verticle
Dihedral
The angle of the wings creates positive stability. When turbulence moves you it will move back on its own.
3 things effecting Density.
Temperature: Higher = more spread out molecules = less dense
Humidity: Higher = Water vapor weighs less and replace the other molecules.
Pressure: Lower = Less pressure forcing the molecules together so less dense air.
