Weak Flashcards
Electrical Fire
Batt. Master switch …………………………………………………………………………….OFF
ALTR switch……………………………………………………………………………………..OFF
Vents ………………………………………………………………………………………………..open
Earblock and sinus
1️⃣ “Ear and sinus blocks occur due to pressure differences between the body and the cabin during altitude changes.”
2️⃣ “On descent, external pressure increases, and if the Eustachian tubes or sinuses are blocked, pain and discomfort occur.”
3️⃣ “To prevent this, I avoid flying with congestion, use techniques like swallowing or the Valsalva maneuver, and descend gradually if needed.”
Adiabatic lapse rate
“Adiabatic” means no heat is exchanged with the surroundings.
When air rises, it expands and cools. When it descends, it compresses and warms.
Dry Adiabatic Lapse Rate (DALR) -3.5c per 1000ft
Moist Adiabatic Lapse Rate (MALR) -1.5c per 1000ft
Centerof pressure and wing loading
CP is center of lift.
Center of Pressure is the point where total lift acts. Forward CG requires more tail-down force, increasing effective wing loading
Fouled spark plugs/ rough magnetos.
Carbon buildup dulls the spark on the spark plugs.
Higher RPM for around 30 seconds to burn it away, try again and if its good youre good, if not DO NOT TAKEOFF.
Fuel injected flow and problems
Vapor lock
Stuff before then to the regulator, then the distributor that injects the fuel into all
cylinders.
How to find Va?
Current Weight/MGTW
4 Stages of spin
Entry
Incipient
Developed
Recovery
Rank turbulence
Light: Mild bumps.
Moderate: Noticeable jolts, but manageable.
Severe: hard-to-control bumps.
Extreme: Plane is violently thrown around, and control is almost impossible.
Low voltage light
Alternator is failing, either reset if possible with CB or switch only once and load shed.
Normal:
Utility:
Normal: 3.8 G’s, no aerobatics.
Utility: 4.4 G’s, limited aerobatics.
ADM
Decide Model:
1️⃣ Detect: You notice that the engine’s oil pressure gauge is indicating low oil pressure.
2️⃣ Estimate: The engine is running rough, and the oil pressure is steadily dropping. You determine the problem is likely serious, and continuing could lead to engine failure.
3️⃣ Choose: You choose to divert to the nearest airport and land as soon as possible.
4️⃣ Identify: You identify that you’ll need to communicate with ATC for a diversion and notify them of the emergency, ensuring you have an available runway at the destination.
5️⃣ Do: You declare an emergency, adjust your flight path to the new airport, and begin descending toward the airport.
6️⃣ Evaluate: As you descend, you check the oil pressure gauge. It continues to drop, but you’re heading toward the airport and are confident you’ll be able to land safely. After landing, you check the aircraft and report the situation.
Required Discrepancy Records
Type of inspection
Description
Date
Cert. Number
Type of Cert.
Celcius to Fahrenheit
C*1.8=F
Conformation Bias
Confirmation Bias – This occurs when a pilot looks for or interprets information in a way that confirms their preexisting beliefs or expectations while ignoring contradictory evidence.
Example: You believe the weather at your destination is VFR because the forecast said so, and you dismiss updated METARs showing deteriorating conditions.
Expectation Bias
Expectation Bias – This happens when a pilot perceives what they expect to see rather than what is actually there.
Example: ATC clears you to "descend to 3,000 feet," but you were expecting "descend to 5,000 feet" and mistakenly set 5,000 feet in your autopilot.
Load factor
Weight supported by the wings in relation to the weight of the plane.
As it goes up stall speed goes up too. Its G’s pulled
Types of weight
Standard Empty Weight: The airframe, engines, and all fixed operating equipment, unusable fuel.
Basic Empty Weight (BEW): Includes the airplane, optional equipment, unusable fuel, and all operating fluids
The center of gravity (CG) is the point where the aircraft’s weight is considered to be concentrated.
Useful load is the total weight of everything that can be added to the aircraft after it’s at its basic empty weight. It includes: . It represents the weight available for passengers, baggage, and fuel.
Datum is the tip of the nose prop.
oil is 7.5lbs
Air mass types
Types of Air Masses:
Polar (P): Forms in cold regions; typically brings cold, dry air. Tropical (T): Forms in warmer regions; usually brings warm, moist air. Maritime (m): Forms over oceans; brings moist air. Continental (c): Forms over land; brings dry air.
Stationary and Occluded fronts
Stationary Front: Occurs when neither air mass is strong enough to push the other. This can result in prolonged periods of rain or clouds.
Occluded Front: Happens when a cold front overtakes a warm front. Occluded fronts can produce a mix of weather conditions, such as precipitation, cloudy skies, and sometimes turbulence.
