Acronyms

Question 1

NW KRAFT

Answer 1

Preflight actions
N: NOTAMS
W: Weather

K: Known ATC delays
R: Runway lengths
A: Alternates Available
F: Fuel Requirements
T: Takeoff and landing distances

Question 2

ICE FLAGS

Answer 2

Illusions
I: Inversion Illusion: A quick change from climb to level flight can make a pilot feel like they’re tumbling backward, potentially causing a disorienting sensation.

C: Coriolis Illusion: Occurs when a pilot makes a head movement during a prolonged turn, leading to the sensation of turning banking in a different direction.

E: Elevator Illusion: Sudden vertical accelerations, like an updraft, can give the illusion of a climb, causing the pilot to respond incorrectly.

F: False Horizon: When the horizon isn’t clearly visible pilots may align with a false visual reference.

L: Leans: After a slow, prolonged turn that a pilot may not sense, leveling the wings can feel like starting a turn in the opposite direction, causing spatial disorientation.

A: Autokenesis: When staring at a stationary light in the dark for an extended period, the light may appear to move, which can lead to incorrect navigation or orientation adjustments.

G: Graveyard spiral: If a pilot loses the sensation of a turn, they may unknowingly enter a spiral dive, trying to correct what feels like a climb with increased bank, resulting in a dangerous spiral.

S: Somatogravic illusion: Rapid acceleration (like during takeoff) can make a pilot feel as if they are in a steep nose-up climb, leading them to push the nose down unnecessarily.

Question 3

UP AIRS

Answer 3

Fog
U: Upslope Fog: Occurs when moist air is forced up a slope and cools to its dew point, forming fog.

P: Precipitation Fog: Formed when rain falls into cooler air, saturating it with moisture and creating fog. This often happens during warm fronts.

A: Advection Fog: Develops when warm, moist air moves over a colder surface (like the ocean), cooling it to the dew point.

I: Ice Fog: Occurs in extremely cold conditions when tiny ice crystals form in the air instead of liquid droplets.

R: Radiation Fog: Forms on clear, calm nights when the ground cools rapidly, chilling the air above it to its dew point.

S: Steam Fog: Created when cold air passes over warmer water, causing the water to evaporate into the cold air and cool to its dew point. It appears as a layer of mist or fog just above the water’s surface.

Question 4

IM SAFE

Answer 4

Pre Flight
I: Ilness
M: Medication

S: Stress
A: Alcohol
F: Fatigue
E: Eating/Emotion

Question 5

DECIDE

Answer 5

Decision Making
D: Detect
E: Estimate
C: Choose
I: Identify
D: Do
E: Evaluate

Question 6

A TOMATO FLAMES

Answer 6

Day VFR
A: Airspeed indicator

T: Tachometer (For each engine)
O: Oil pressure gauge (For each engine)
M: Manifold pressure gauge (Each altitude engine)
A: Altimeter
T: Temp Gauge (Each liquid cooled engine)
O: Oil temp gauge (Each air-cooled engine)

F: Fuel gauge (Quantity in each tank)
L: Landing Gear Indicator (Aviation Red or white)
A: Anti Collision Lights
M: Magnetic Compass
E: ELT
S: Safety Belts

Question 7

FLAPS

Answer 7

VFR Night
F: Fuses (One spare set or 3 of each kind, accessible to pilot)
L: Landing Light (If operated for hire)
A: Anti collision light (Red or White)
P: Position Lights (Nav lights)
S: Source of electrical Energy (Enough for all electronics)

Question 8

PAVE

Answer 8

Risk
P: Pilot: Are you good to go, use IM SAFE
A: Aircraft: Is it airworthy
V: enVironmental Factors: Weather
E: External Pressures: Someone waiting on you? Relying on you to complete the flight?

Question 9

AV1ATE

Answer 9

Required Maintenance
A: Annual, 12 cal. months. One for engine, propeller and airframe
V: VOR test every 30 days for IFR
1: 100 hr for hire and Flight instruction if provided by instructor
A: Altimeter and static pitot system, 24 cal months
T: Transponder, 24 cal. months
E: ELT, 12 cal. months, 1 hr cumulative use or half the batteries useful life. 121.5

Question 10

SAFETY

Answer 10

Passenger Briefing
S: Seatbelts work like a car.
A: Air, vents above us and below our seat near knees.
F: Fire extinguisher between seats. PASS.
E: Emergency exits, how to open door, kick my window out
T: Traffic and talking: Call traffic out and dont talk in vital phases of flight
Y: Your Questions?

Question 11

5 P’s

Answer 11

Pilot
Plane
Passenger
Program
Plan

Question 12

ANDS

Answer 12

Acceleration Errors:
Accelerate North
Decelerate South

Question 13

UNOS

Answer 13

Dip Errors:
Undershoot north
Overshoot south.

Question 14

MC PRAW

Answer 14

M: MOA =
C: Controlled Firing Area

P: Prohibited
R: Restricted
A: Alert
W: Warning
NSA
TFR