Option C.4

Question 1

Conjugation

Answer 1

A molecule with many alternating single and double bonds

Question 2

How are pigment molecules with many alternating single and double bonds described?

Answer 2

Extensively conjugated

Question 3

Fermentation

Answer 3

Conversion of glucose to ethanol in the presence of yeast or bacteria and anaerobic conditions

Question 4

Transesterification

Answer 4

The reaction of a triglyceride with methanol or ethanol to form an alkyl ester and glycerol

Question 5

General equation for a transesterification reaction

Answer 5

RCOOR1 + R2OH → R1OH + RCOOR2

Question 6

Advantages of using ethanol as a biofuel

Answer 6

Higher octane rating than gasoline
Renewable energy source
Economic advantages to countries that have low reserves of crude oil

Question 7

Disadvantages of using ethanol as a biofuel

Answer 7

Lower specific energy than octane
More volatile than octane
Land that could be used for food production used for biofuel

Question 8

Advantages of using biodiesel

Answer 8

Renewable
Non-toxic and biodegradable
Reduces the emission of atmospheric pollutants

Question 9

Disadvantages of using biodiesel

Answer 9

Land that could be used for food production used for biodiesel
Can cause loss of biodiversity