Chapter 3.2

Question 1

Atomic radius

Answer 1

The size of an atom

Question 2

How does atomic radius change down a group?

Answer 2

Increases

Question 3

How does atomic radius change across a period?

Answer 3

Decreases

Question 4

The ionic radii of positive ions are __ than their atomic radii

Answer 4

Smaller

Question 5

The ionic radii of negative ions are __ than their atomic radii

Answer 5

Greater

Question 6

First ionization energy

Answer 6

The energy required to remove one electron from each atom in one molecule of gaseous atoms under standard conditions

Question 7

How does first ionization energy change down a group?

Answer 7

Decreases

Question 8

How does first ionization energy change from left to right across a period? Why?

Answer 8

Increases because of an increase in nuclear charge across the period

Question 9

First electron affinity

Answer 9

The energy change when one electron is added to a gaseous atom

Question 10

Electronegativity

Answer 10

A measure of the attraction of an atom in a molecule for the electron pair in the covalent bond of which it is a part

Question 11

How does electronegativity change down a group?

Answer 11

Decreases

Question 12

What are the reactions of an element determined by?

Answer 12

The number of electrons in the outer shell of their atoms

Question 13

Why do elements in the same group in the period table react in basically the same way?

Answer 13

They have the same number of electrons in their outer shell

Question 14

How does melting point change down group one?

Answer 14

Decreases

Question 15

What does the basic oxide M2O dissolve in water to form?

Answer 15

An alkaline solution containing M+ and OH- ions

Question 16

What are the elements in group one called?

Answer 16

Alkali metals

Question 17

What are the elements in group 17 called?

Answer 17

Halogens

Question 18

Redox reaction

Answer 18

A reaction where a more reactive element oxidizes a less reactive ion

Question 19

Reaction of sodium oxide with water (with state symbols)

Answer 19

Na2O(s) + H2O(l) —> 2NaOH(aq)

Question 20

Reaction of magnesium oxide with water (with state symbols)

Answer 20

MgO(s) + H2O(l) —> Mg(OH)2(aq)

Question 21

What do amphoteric oxides react with?

Answer 21

Both acids and bases

Question 22

Reaction of phosphorus(V) oxide with water (with state symbols)

Answer 22

P4O10(s) + 6H2O(l) —> 4H3PO4(aq)

Question 23

Reaction of sulfur(VI) oxide with water (with state symbols)

Answer 23

SO3(g) + H2O(l) —> H2SO4(aq)