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therapeutics 2 > opthamology > Flashcards

opthamology Flashcards

1
Q

what is the main difference between open-angle and close-angle glaucoma

A

open-angle is where the drainage canal is obstructed and close-angle is where pressure pushes against cornea

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2
Q

what class of drugs is first line for open-angle glaucoma

A

prostaglandin analogs, beta blockers

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3
Q

what is the MOA of prostaglandin analogs

A

increase aqueous humor outflow

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4
Q

prostaglandin analog dosing

A

1 drop QHS (reduces IOP by 30%)

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5
Q

prostaglandin analog warnings

A

-darkening of iris, skin, and eyelashes
-increase in eyelash length and number

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6
Q

prostaglandin side effects

A

-blurred vision
-stinging
-increased pigmentation
-eyelash thickening
-light sensitivity
-foreign body sensation

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7
Q

Bimatoprost class and brand

A

-prostaglandin analog
-Lumigan
-Latisse (eyelash hypotrichosis)

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8
Q

Travoprost class and brand

A

-prostaglandin analogs
-travatan Z, travatan

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9
Q

Latanoprost class and brand

A

-prostaglandin
-xalatan, xelpros

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10
Q

Tafluprost class and brand

A

-prostaglandin
-zioptan

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11
Q

Beta-blockers MOA

A

reduce aqueous humor production

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12
Q

beta-blocker dosing

A

1 drop daily or BID (reduces IOP 20-30%)

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13
Q

beta-blocker contraindications

A

-sinus bradycardia
-2nd or 3rd degree heart block
-cardiogenic shock
-uncompensated cardiac failure
-bronchospastic disease

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14
Q

beta blocker side effects

A

-stinging
-blurred vision
-bradycardia
-breathing problems
-hypotension
-dizziness
-fatigue
-impotence

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15
Q

timolol class and brand

A

beta blocker
timoptic, timoptic-XE, istalol

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16
Q

carteolol class and brand

A

beta blocker
no brand

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17
Q

levobunolol class and brand

A

beta blockers
betagan

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18
Q

betaxolol class and brand

A

beta blocker
betoptic S

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19
Q

alpha-2 agonists moa

A

increase aqueous humor outflow AND reduce aqueous humor production

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20
Q

alpha-2 agonists dosing

A

1 drop TID (reduce IOP 25%)

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21
Q

alpha-2 agonists contraindications and warnings

A

CNS depression

22
Q

alpha-2 agonists side effects

A

-dry eyes
-xerostomia
-blurry vision
-conjunctival hyperemia
-sedation
-confusion

23
Q

brimonidine class and brand

A

alpha 2 agonists
alphagan P
lumify (OTC redness of eye)

24
Q

brimonidine + timolol class and brand

A

alpha 2 agonists
combigan

25
Q

brimonidine + brinzolamide class and brand

A

alpha 2 agonists
simbrinza

26
Q

Aprachlonidine class and brand

A

alpha 2 agonists
lopidine

27
Q

carbonic anhydrase inhibitors MOA

A

reduce aqueous humor production

28
Q

carbonic anhydrase inhibitor dosing

A

1 drop TID (reduce IOP by 15-20%)
50-100mg PO 2-3 times daily

29
Q

carbonic anhydrase inhibitor warnings

A

sulfonamide allergy

30
Q

carbonic anhydrase inhibitor side effects

A

drops:
-burning, blurred vision, blepharitis, taste disturbances
oral:
-ataxia, confusion, photosensitivity, nausea, metabolic acidosis

31
Q

dorzolamide class and brand

A

CAI
trusopt

32
Q

dorzolamide + timolol class and brand

A

CAI
Cosopt, Cosopt PF

33
Q

brinzolamide class and brand

34
Q

Acetazolamide class and brand

A

CAI (oral)
no brand

35
Q

Methazolamide

A

CAI (oral)
no brand

36
Q

Rho Kinase Inhibitor MOA

A

increase aqueous humor outflow

37
Q

rho kinase dosing

A

1 drop QPM (reduce IOP by 25-30%)

38
Q

rho kinase side effects

A

-burning
-corneal disease
-conjunctival hemorrhage
-conjunctival hyperemia

39
Q

Netarsudil class and brand

A

CAI
Rhopressa

40
Q

Netarsudil + Latanoprost class and brand

A

CAI
Rocklatan

41
Q

cholinergic MOA

A

increase aqueous humor outflow

42
Q

cholinergic dosing

A

1-2 drops up to TID
1-2 drops up to QID

43
Q

cholinergic CI and warnings

A

-use in caution in patients with history of retinal detachment or corneal abrasion

44
Q

cholinergic side effects

A

-pupil constriction
-corneal clouding
-hypotension
-bronchospasm
-abdominal cramps

45
Q

carbachol class and brand

A

cholinergics
milostat

46
Q

pilocarpine class and brand

A

cholinergic
Isoptocarpine

47
Q

what are the treatments of closed-angle glaucoma

A

Mannitol, glycerin, surgery

48
Q

Mannitol

A

Hyperosmotic agents
IV
1.5-2 g/kg/dose over 30 minutes

49
Q

Glycerin

A

Hyperosmotic agent
PO
1-2 g/kg/dose every hours as required

50
Q

what are medications that increase IOP

A

-anticholinergics
-chronic steroids
-decongestants
-topiramate
-antidepressants

therapeutics 2 (24 decks)

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