Diabetes Exam 2

Question 1

Normal FBG

Answer 1

< 100mg/dL

Question 2

Normal OGTT

Answer 2

< 140 mg/dL

Question 3

Normal A1c

Answer 3

< 5.7 %

Question 4

Normal Random Glucose

Answer 4

< 200 mg/dL

Question 5

Diabetic FBG

Answer 5

greater or equal to 126

Question 6

Diabetic A1c

Answer 6

greater or equal to 6.5%

Question 7

Diabetic random glucose

Answer 7

greater or equal 200

Question 8

Diabetic OGTT

Answer 8

greater or equal 200

Question 9

IFG

Answer 9

100-125

Question 10

IGT

Answer 10

140-199

Question 11

pre diabetic A1c

Answer 11

5.7 - 6.4

Question 12

sulfonylureas structures

Answer 12

O
||
HN-C-NH

Question 13

glinides structures

Answer 13

phenylalanine

  C + a ring
   | HN-C-COOH

Question 14

SGLT2 inhibitor structures

Answer 14

glucose molecules hooked to bulky hydrophobic group

Question 15

biguanides structures

Answer 15

NH \N/
|| |
/\ /
H2N N NH
H

Question 16

Thiazolidinediones

Answer 16

thiazole on the ends

Question 17

resistin

Answer 17

-elevated in T2DM
-mRNA dec due to TZD
-dec insulin sensitivity

Question 18

Adiponectin

Answer 18

-dec in T2DM
-mRNA inc cue to TZD
-inc insulin sensitivity

Question 19

TNF-alpha

Answer 19

-inc in T2DM
-mRNA dec due to TZDs
-dec insulin sensitivity

Question 20

NPH

Answer 20

-slow onset
-long duration
-protamine w/ bound insulin

Question 21

Lispro insulin (humalog)

Answer 21

-rapid onset
-short action
-reverse position of proline & lysine
-forces insulin not to dimerize

Question 22

Insulin Aspart (Novolog)

Answer 22

-rapid onset
-short action
-proline switched to aspartate

Question 23

Insulin Glulisine

Answer 23

-rapid onset
-short action
-switch Asn 3 to Lys and Lys 29 to Glu

Question 24

Insulin Glargine (lantus)

Answer 24

-slow onset
-once daily
-Asn to Gly
-2 arg residues

Question 25

Insulin Detemir

Answer 25

-slow onset
-once daily
-FA added & binds to albumin

Question 26

Insulin Degludec

Answer 26

-slow onset
-once daily
-FA added & binds to albumin

Question 27

sulfonylurea MOA

Answer 27

act as ATP to bind to Katp channels to close it

Question 28

sulfonylurea AEs

Answer 28

hypoglycemia, GI problems, CV events, weight gain, inc secondary failure

Question 29

sulfonylurea DDI

Answer 29

alcohol, high dose salicylates, thiazides, epi

Question 30

Glinides vs sulfonylureas

Answer 30

same MOA and DDIs and AEs however there is less risk of hypoglycemia

Question 31

TZDs MOA

Answer 31

bind to PPARy that affects gene transcription of adipokines