Opthal

Question 1

Treatment of severe NPDR, Proliferative DR

Answer 1

Panretinal photocoagulation
If macular neovascularization, focal photocoagulation

Question 2

What is holmes adie pupil

Answer 2

adie pupil is benign condition causing dilated pupil, slow accomodation, poorly reactive to light.
Holmes adie if adie pupil + absent deep tendon reflexes

Question 3

Flashes and floaters

Answer 3

vitreous detachment / retinal detachment

Question 4

location of lesion in RAPD also called Marcus Gunn pupil

Answer 4

Retina/optic nerve of affected eye
The eye at which if light shone both eyes dilated is affected eye.

Question 5

Causes of painful red eye

Answer 5

Red eye - CASES
Conjunctivitis
Acute angle closure glaucoma, anterior uveitis
subconjunctival hemorrhage
endopthalmitis
scleritis

glaucoma or uveitis?
glaucoma: severe pain, haloes, ‘semi-dilated’ pupil
uveitis: small, fixed oval pupil, ciliary flush

Question 6

Argyl Robertson pupil

Answer 6

Accomodation reflex present ARP
puppilary reflex absent PRA

Question 7

Hutchinson sing in herpes zoster opthalmicus

Answer 7

rash on nose

Question 8

Angioid retinal streaks causes

Answer 8

SPADE
sickle-cell anaemia
pseudoxanthoma elasticum, Paget’s disease
acromegaly
Danlos-Ehler syndrome