Endocrinology Flashcards
What is the target for Hba1C and at what level should a second drug be added?
aim for a HbA1c of 48 mmol/mol (6.5%), but should only add a second drug if the HbA1c rises to 58 mmol/mol (7.5%)
What to do for prediabetic patients whose blood glucose measure (fasting plasma glucose or HbA1c) shows they are still progressing towards type 2 diabetes, despite their participation in an intensive lifestyle-change programme’. Even if their Hba1c less than 6.5%
Add metformin
Hypokalemia with HTN causes?
Conn’s, liddle, cushing syndrome and 11 B hydroxylase deficiency
Hypokalemia with normotension?
Barterr’s, Gitelman, RTA 1 and 2, Diuretics, GI loss
Hyperthyroidism management in pregnancy per trimester?
Propylthiouracil 1st trimester, Carbimazole 2nd and 3rd trimester.
Low FSH, LH, low testosterone, anosmia
Kallmann syndrome, hypogonatrophic hypogonadism
The first-line treatment in remnant hyperlipidaemia (dysbetalipoproteinaemia) is:
Fibrates
Toxic multinodular goitre scintigraphy shows?
Patchy uptake
When to do a oral glucose tolerance test if at risk of gestational diabetes
As soon as possible from booking
For a pregnant patient, if the fasting glucose level is >= 7 mmol/l what to do?
Start Insulin
If patient already taking statin and wishes to conceive what advise to be given?
Stop statin before trying to conceive, atleast 3 months before conception
Hypercholesterolaemia rather than hypertriglyceridaemia causes
nephrotic syndrome, cholestasis, hypothyroidism
What causes increased sweating in patients with acromegaly?
sweat gland hypertrophy
rank pituitary tumour occurence
Prolactinomas are the most common type and they produce an excess of prolactin. After prolactinomas, non-secreting adenomas are the next most common, then GH-secreting and then ACTH-secreting adenomas.
Primary amenorrhea, developed secondary sexual characteristics, swelling in groin
Complete androgen insensitivity syndrome - xy genotype, female phenotype
