Oncology / Hemat Flashcards
Causes of methaemoglobinaemia
Mnemonic: ‘NAD CANT’
N: Nitrates (e.g., Nitroglycerin, Isosorbide dinitrate)
A: Aniline (e.
g., Aniline dyes)
D: Dapsone
C: Chlorates
A: Antimalarials (e.g., Primaquine, Chloroquine)
N: Nitrobenzene
T: Sulfonamides (e.g., Sulfamethoxazole) Cotrimoxazole
In Common variable immunodeficiency which antibody levels are low
specifically in immunoglobulin types IgG, IgM and IgA. → causing recurrent chest and other infections
Antiphospholipid syndrome in pregnancy Rx
aspirin + LMWH
low molecular weight heparin once a fetal heart is seen on ultrasound. This is usually discontinued at 34 weeks gestation
Which blood product is used for emergency anticoagulation reversal
Prothrombin complex concentrate is used for the emergency reversal of anticoagulation in patients with severe bleeding or a head injury
Hemolysis with gallstones/ splenomegaly / splenectomy and Northern European descent.
Hereditary spherocytosis
If African think G6PD deficiency
Types of crisis in sickle cell
Thrombotic, acute chest syndrome, aplastic, sequestration
Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinaemia characterized by?
lymphoplasmacytoid malignancy characterized by the secretion of a monoclonal IgM paraprotein, complication - hyperviscosity syndrome
CKD causes which thrombophilia
Antithrombin III deficiency
lymphoma cytogenetics?
All have 14
Follicular (F) : Fourteen (t(14;18))
Burkitt’s : B (looks like 8) (t(8;14))
Mantle Cell : (1\/1antle cell 11 looks like M) (t(11;14))
Philadelphia chromosome (BCR - ABL) fusion protein functions as
Abnormally active Tyrosine Kinase, hence rx imatinib - tyrosine kinase inhibitor
When does serum tryptase peak in anaphylaxis
One hour, returning to baseline 12-24 hours following the reaction
Immunocompromised patients/ current or past hodgkin’s lymphoma / stem cell or marrow transplant need what modification in blood products
Irradiation
elevated level of bombesin.
What is the most likely cancer to account for this result?
Bombesin is a tumour marker in small cell lung carcinomas
Bombesin - Small cell lung carcinoma, gastric cancer, neuroblastoma
Cytotoxic agents MOA, review mnemonic
Cyclophosphamide, Ciclosporin = Cross linking
Bleomycin = blows DNA = degrades formed DNA
Topotecan, Irenotecan = Topoisomerase inhibition
HydroxyuRea = Ribonucleotide Reductase inhibition
Howell Jolly bodies seen in
post splenectomy
Screening test for hereditary angioedema
C4. Rx is anabolic steroids like danazol
Gold standard for Paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria testing
Flow cytometry for CD59 and CD55
Rx of acute intermittent porphyria
IV haematin then IV glucose
Warfarin induced skin necrosis associated with which thrombophilia
Protein C deficiency
Moa of rasburicase
Is a recombinant urate oxidase - Converts uric acid to allantoin
What type of allergy is linked to pollen allergy?
Oral allergy syndrome
Breast Ca drug of choice in pre and post menopause for oestrogen positive patients
Pre menopause - tamoxifen
Post menopause- Aromatase inhibitors like anastrozole, letrozole
Lymphoma chemo regime
FCR fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, rituximab - CLL
AVBD doxorubicin, vincristine, bleomycin, dacarbazine- Hodgkins
R-CHOP - Non-Hodgkins
Blood film pictures
Teardrop poikilocytes»_space;Myelofibrosis
Pencil poikilocytes»Iron-Deficiency Anemia
Schistocytes»Hemolytic Anemia & DIC
Spherocytes» Hereditary Spherocytosis & Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
Target cells»Thalassemia & Liver Disease
Acanthocytes» Liver Disease, Abetalipoproteinemia
Basophilic stippling»Lead Poisoning & Thalassemia
Howell-Jolly bodies»_space; Post Splenectomy & Hypersplenism
Rouleaux formation» Multiple Myeloma & Waldenström’s Macroglobulinemia
Heinz bodies» G6PD Deficiency
Bite cells»G6PD Deficiency
Action of haptoglobin in hemolysis
Binds with hemoglobin
Causes of autoimmune hemolytic anaemia
Warm AIHA cause
DNA
drug = methyle dopa
N= neoplasm ( lymphoma ,cll)
A = autoimune SLE
COLD AIHA causes
IN
I=infection (mycoplasm ,EBV)
N= neoplasm ( lymphoma
Drugs triggering hemolysis in g6pd def
G6PD deficiency: sulph- drugs: sulphonamides, sulphasalazine and sulfonylureas can trigger haemolysis
anti-malarials: primaquine
ciprofloxacin
Which virus should be screened for before starting rituximab / anti cd20 monoclonal antibody
Hep B
