neohro

Question 1

Proteus mirabilis infection predisposes to which kidney stone?

Answer 1

Proteus mirabilis infection predisposes to struvite kidney stones

Question 2

Chromosome affected for adpkd

Answer 2

type 1 - 16, type 2 - 4

Question 3

Causes of retroperitoneal fibrosis

Answer 3

DRIPS
Drugs- Methysergide
Reidels Thyroiditis
Inflammatory AAA
Previous Radiotherapy
Sarcoidosis

Question 4

common causes of nephrotic syndrome

Answer 4

minimal change disease - children
idiopathic membranous glomerulonephritis - associated with antiphospholipase A2, m.c in adults
focal segmental glomeurosclerosis - associated with heroin use

Question 5

Causes associated with AA and AL amyloid

Answer 5

AA - seen in chronic infection/inflammation
e.g. TB, bronchiectasis, rheumatoid arthritis

AL - hematological disorders like myeloma, Waldenstrom’s, MGUS

Question 6

Variables to measure egfr?

Answer 6

eGFR variables - CAGE - Creatinine, Age, Gender, Ethnicity

Question 7

Which renal stones are semi opaque, which are radio lucent

Answer 7

cystine stones: semi-opaque
urate + xanthine stones: radio-lucent
remaining all stones are opaque

Question 8

Most common organism causing hemolytic uraemic syndrome

Answer 8

E.coli, classically Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) 0157:H7
‘verotoxigenic’, ‘enterohaemorrhagic’
this is the most common cause in children, accounting for over 90% of cases

Question 9

In Membranoproliferative / mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis which complement is reduced

Answer 9

C3

Question 10

Test to diagnose cystinuria

Answer 10

cyanide nitroprusside test

Question 11

Hemolysis, renal dysfunction, thrombocytopenia without any GI symptoms or diarrhoea?

Answer 11

Atypical HUS

Question 12

IgG deposits along membrane seen in microscopy

Answer 12

Goodpasture syndrome