opiod analgesics Flashcards
why are these important
major tool to combat pain.
morphine response to pain
increases pain tolerance, and decreases the perception of pain. decreases the reaction to pain.
what are the other affect of morphine
sedation and respiratory depression. decreased reaction to increased PCO2.
why does morphine have effects on breathing and what do we do about it
it only leaves the hypoxic centers in the brain active. this causes the response to O2 to be a decreased drive to breath. thus we do not give O2 because the patient would literally stop breathing. we give naloxone.
what does morphine do to smooth muscle
longitudinal relaxes and circular constricts. this has many effects throughout the body
what are the effects of morphine on the GI system
decreased peristalsis, constipation and cramping. increases biliary pressure.
what does morphine do to the urinary system
retention. urgency to void,
what does it do to the pupils
constriction. pinpoint
what are the other effects of morphine
cough suppression, nausea, vomiting and increased histamine release causing vasodilation
meperidine
full agonist. has antimuscarinic properties (no miosis), tachycardia, no spasm. GI/GU bladder. metabolized into an SSRI and can cause serotonin syndrome and seizures.
if someone tells you they are on a morphine like drug but dont have pupillary constriction what are they on?
meperidine
methadone
full agonist. used in the maintenance of opiate addict. slower in kinetic than morphine. long halflife
codeine
full agonist…weak. cough suppressant. used with NSAIDs.
buprenorphine
partial agonist. can precipitate withdrawal because it acts as an antagonist in the face of a full agonist
nalbuphine/pentazocin
partial agonist/mixed agonist. causes dysphoria instead of euphoria. kappa receptor agonist for spinal analgesia. Mu agonist and precipitates withdrawal.
