cancer Flashcards
what do cell cycle specific drugs work on
more effective in tumors with high growth fractions. leulemias and lymphomas.
what do the cell cycle nonspecific drugs work on the best
they can be used in either high growth rate or low.
what phase do the antimetabolites target
S phase
what phase do the microtubule inhibitors target
M phase
cyclophosphomide
alkylating agent. binds G7 guanine causing dysfunctional DNA. forms an active metabolite that causes hemorrhagic cystitis.
uses of cyclophosphamide
nonhodgkin, ovarian, breast cancer, neuroblastoma.
SE of cyclophosphamide
BMS. hemorrhagic cystitis (bloody urine)
what is the antidote for hemorrhagic cystitis
mensa
cisplatin
alkylating agent.
uses of cisplatin
testicular, ovarian, bladder, lung.
SE of cisplatin
nephrotoxic, neurotoxic, worst for N/V.
what do we use for the NV in cisplatin treatment
odansetron
what do we use for the nephrotoxicity in cisplatin
amifostine
procarbazine
alkylating agent
uses for procarbazine
hodgkins
SE for procarbazine
BMS and leukemogenic
doxirubicin
antibiotic, forms radicals, inhibits topoisomerase
uses of doxirunicin
hodgkins, breast, endometrial, lung, ovarian.
SE of doxirubicin
BMS and cardiotoxicity.
what is the antidote to the cardiotoxicity of doxirubicin
dexrazoxane iron chelator
methotrexate
CCS. antimetabolite inhibits DHF. s phase.
use of methotrexate
leukemias, lymphoma, breast, RA, and psoriasis
SE of methotrexate
BMS
what is the antidote to the BMS in methotrexate
leucovorin (folinic acid)
5-fluorouracil/capecitibine
pyrimidine analog antimetabolite. inhibits thymidine synthase activation
use of 5Fu
breast, ovarian, head and neck cancers, topical for basal cell and karposi sarcoma and keritoses. colorectal cancer.
6 mercaptopurine
purine antimetabolite. bioactivated by HGPR transferase.
use for 6 mercaptopurine
acute lymphocytic leukemia, immunosuppression.
SE of 6mP
BMS.
what is the most important interaction with 6 MP to be aware of?
allopurinol will increase the amount of 6MP because it inhibits XO the enzyme responsible for its metabolism.
bleomycin
complexes with iron and O2 to cause DNA strand scission in the G2 phase.
uses of bleomycin
hodgkins, testicular, head, neck, skin cancer
SE of bleomycin
pulmonary fibrosis, pneumonitis.
vinblastine/vincristine
decrease the polymerization of microtubules. they are spindle poisons. M phase.
uses of vinblastine
hodgkins, testicular, karposi.
what are the uses of vincristine
hodgkins, leukemia, wilms.
SE of vinblastine
BMS
SE of vincristine
neurotoxicity, peripheral neuropathy.
all trans retinoic acid
differentiating med. promotes the differentiation of promyelocytes.
use for ATRA
AML
SE of ATRA
differentiation syndrome with respiratory distress. pleural and pericardial effusions. CNS symptoms.
what drugs cause renal toxcity
cisplatin and methotrexate
what drugs cause pulmonary toxicity
bleomycin, procarbizine. busulfan
what drugs causes cardiac toxicity
doxirubicin and dauorubicin
what drugs cause neurologic tox
vincristine and cisplatin
what drugs are immunosuppressive
cyclophos and methotrexate
what is the unique toxicity for cyclophosphamide and the antidote
hemorrhagic cystitis and mENSA
what is the unique SE for procarbazine
leukemia
what does aspariginase causes
pancreatitis
what is the DOC for organ or tissue transplant
cyclosporine
what is the back up drug for liver/renal transplant
tacrolimus
what do we use in combination for cyclosporin to limit its toxicity
mycophenolate
SE of cyclosporin and tacrolimus and what do we use to combat
nephrotoxic. we use mannitol to combat
what is another SE for cyclosporin
gingival hyperplasia and peripheral neuropathy
azothiaprine
immunosuppressant converted to 6MP. used for kidney transplant and autoimmunity. w
what do we watch out for when using azothioprine
allopurinol reaction! since it is metabolized to 6MP
