basic principles Flashcards
name a number of classic P450 inducers
quinidine barbs, st johns wart phenytoin rifampin griseovulvin carbamezapine chronic ETOH croticosteroids
name a number of inhibitors
HIV protease inhibitor (ritonavir) isoniazid sulfonamides cimetidine ketoconazole grape fruit juice omeprazole chloremphenicol macrolides
what do neonates have reduced activity of
glucuronidation
what do CYP450 require
oxygen for oxidation
genetic variations in what give drug induced-SLE
slow acetylation!
what path of metabolism does chloremphenicol use
glucuronidation thats why babies get gray baby
what path of metabolism does hydralazine use
acetylation. this is why it can cause SLE
what is the equation for loading dose
Vd X Cp/F
what is the equation for maintenance dose
Cl X Cp/F
what is the equation for Vd
dose/[drug]p
what is the equation for the half-life
t1/2 = 0.7 X Vd/Cl
what is the antidote for salicylate
sodium bicarbonate
antidote for irreversible anticholinesterase
atropine and PAM-2
anticholinergics antidote
physostigmine
beta blockers antidote
glucagon
digitalis antidote
digibind, electrolyte stabilize (k+), lidocaine and mg
antidote for Iron
deferoxamine
Lead antidote
ca-EDTA, dimercaperol, succimer, penicillamnine
arsenic, gold, mercury
dimercaprol, succimer
copper
penicillamine
cyanide
nitrite, hydroxcobalamin, thiosulfate
methemaglobin
methylene blue, vitamin C
antidote for TCA
sodium bicarbonate
tPA/sterptokinase antidote
aminocaproic acid
theophylline antidote
beta-blockers
what can cause atropine-like symptoms
TCA and antihistamines
what causes dilated cardiomyopathy
doxirubicin and daunorubcin
what can cause coronary vasospasm
cocaine, sumatriptan
cutaneous flushing
vancomycin, adenosine, niacin, ca-channel blockers,
torsades
class III (sotalol) and class I (quinidine),
what do we treat torsades
magnesium
what drugs cause agranulocytosis
clozapine, carbamazepine, colchicine, PTU, methimazole, dapsone
aplastic anemia
chloremphenacol, benzene, NSAIDs, felbamate, quinine, phenytoin
gray baby
chlorempenicol
G6PD hemolytic anemia
isoniazid, sulfa drugs, aspirin, ibuprofen, nitrofurantoin, primaquin
megaloblastic anemia
methotrexate, sulfa drugs. phenytoin.
thrombosis
contraceptives
pumonary fibrosis
bleomycin, amiodarone, busulfan
hepatitis
isoniazid
cholestatic hepatitis
macrolides (a and c)
hepatic necrosis
halothane, valproic, acetaminophen,
pseudomembranous colitis
clindomycin, ampicillin, cephalosporins
pancreatitis
azothioprine, sulfonymides, valproic, corticosteroids, sulindac, tetracyclin,
gynecomastia
spironolactone, digitalis, cimetidine, alcohol, estrogens, ketoconazole
hypothyroidism
lithium, amiodarone
gingival hyperplasia
phenytoin
gout
furosemide, thiazides
osteoporosis
corticosteroids, heparin
photosensitivity
sulfonamides, amiodarone, tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones
SJS
sulfa drugs, penicillin, carbamazepine, allopurinol
SLE
hydralazine, isoniazid, procainamide, phenytoin
tendon rupture
quinolones
diabetes insipidus
lithium and domeclocyline
seizures
bupropion (bulimics), imipenem, INH, penicillin at high doses
parkinson-like syndrome
haloperidol, chlopromazine, reserpine, metoclopramide
disulfiram reaction
metronidazole, procarbazine, sulfonylureas, cephalosporins.
what are symptoms of sulfa allergy
pruritic rash, fever, SJS, hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, agranulocytosis, uritcaria
what drugs cause the sulfadrug allergy
sulfonamide antibiotics, TMP-SMX, acetazolamide, furosemide, thiazides, sulfasalazine, celecoxib, probenacid