diuretics Flashcards
what is mannitol
an osmotic diuretic
mechanism of mannitol
inhibits water reabsorption in the tubule. this increases the volume of urine.
what is the primary site of action for mannitol
the proximal tubule
what are the uses for mannitol
increased intraocular pressure, increased intracranial pressure, oliguric states -rhabdo
SE of mannitol
acute hypovolemia.
acetozolemide/dorzolamide
carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
what is the mechanism of the carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
decreases the formation of H+ in the cell and thus inhibits the uptake of both sodium and carbonate from the lumen. water follows and causes diuresis
uses of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
glaucoma, acute mountain sickness, metabolic alkalosis
SE of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
bicarbonaturia, acidosis, hypokalemia, hypercholremia paresthesis, renal stones, sulfonamide HSR
what is the characteristic labs of someone using carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
hypokalemia and acidosis. unique
what is the mechanism of the loop diuretics
inhibits the Na/K/2Cl transporter. within the thick ascending loop. there is decreased back diffusion of K+, decreased positive potential. this causes decreased reabsorption of Ca and Mg. diuresis.
name some loop diuretics
ethacrynic acid, furosemide.
what are the uses of loop diuretics
DOC for pulmonary edema and HF. also used for HTN, refractory edema, acute renal failure. anion OD. hypercalcemia.
SE of loops
sulfonamide HSR, hypokalemia/alkalosis, hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia, HYPERurecemia, OTOTOXICITY
what is the only loop diuretic that does not cause HSR
ethacrynic acid
what is the mechanism of the thiazides
blocks the Na/Cl pump in the distal tube. increases the Na/Cl concentration in the distal collecting duct. increases diuresis.
what are the uses of thiazides
HTN, CHF, nephrolithiasis, nephrogenic DI.
how do the thiazides treat HTN
by opening ATP dependent potassium channels. this causes vasodilation. also worsens DM
SE of thiazides
sulfonamide HSR, hypokalemia/alkalosis, hypercalcemia, hyperuricemia. hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia
interactions for the thiazides
digoxin toxicity due to the electrolyte abnormalities.
who should avoid being treated with thiazides
diabetics
K+ sparing diuretic agents
spironolactone. amiloride, triemtorine
mechanism of spironolactone
aldosterone receptor antagonist
uses for spironolactone
hyperaldosteronism, adjunct to potassium wasting diuretic. antiandrogenic, CHF>
SE for spironoloactone
hyperkalemia, acidosis, antiandrogenic.
mechanism for amiloride, triemtorine
sodium channel blockers
uses of amiloride, triemtorine
adjunct to K+ wasting. lithium induced nephrogenic DI.
what is the SE for amiloride, triemtorine
hyperkalemia, acidosis
