Ophthalmology - Uvea

Question 1

What is persistent pupillary membrane?

Answer 1

• incomplete absorption of embryonic vascular tissue and mesenchymal strands
• originate in iris collarette

Question 2

What is uveitis?

Answer 2

inflammation of the uvea and breakdown of the blood ocular barrier

Question 3

What is included in anterior uveitis?

Answer 3

iris and ciliary body

Question 4

What is included in posterior uveitis?

Answer 4

choroid

Question 5

What is included in endophthalmitis?

Answer 5

entire uvea and intraocular contents

Question 6

What is included in panophthalmitis?

Answer 6

all ocular and intraocular structures

Question 7

What are the non-specific clinical signs associated with uveitis?

Answer 7

epiphora
blepharospasm
photophobia
red eye (ciliary flush or episcleral injection)
corneal edema

Question 8

What are the specific signs associated with uveitis?

Answer 8

• miosis
• aqueous flare
• hyphema, hypopyon
• keratic precipitates
• swollen/thickened iris
• hyperemic iris
• decreased IOP

Question 9

Describe miosis as a sign of uveitis

Answer 9

• due to inflammation driven by prostaglandins
• causes pain from ciliary body spasm
• causes iris sphincter muscle contraction

Question 10

Describe aqueous flare

Answer 10

• increased turbidity of aqueous humor due to breakdown of the blood-aqueous barrier with inflammation
• protein and cells in anterior chamber causing light scatter

Question 11

What are keratic precipitates?

Answer 11

inflammatory cells +/- fibrin adhered to the corneal endothelium

Question 12

What causes decreased IOP in uveitis?

Answer 12

inflammation driven by prostaglandins

• decreased aqueous humor production
• increased uveoscleral outflow

Question 13

What are the clinical signs associated with chronic uveitis?

Answer 13

dyscoria
posterior synechia
peripheral anterior synechia
iris hyperpigmentation

Question 14

What are the long term sequels of chronic uveitis?

Answer 14

• cataract
• secondary lens luxation
• secondary glaucoma
• retinal detachment
• phthisis bulbi

Question 15

How is uveitis generally treated?

Answer 15

• topical corticosteroids +/- topical NSAIDs
• systemic corticosteroids or systemic NSAIDs
• topical atropine
• +/- systemic antimicrobials

Question 16

Which topical corticosteroids are used to treat uveitis?

Answer 16

Prednisone Acetate

Dexamethasone

Question 17

Which topical NSAIDs are used to treat uveitis?

Answer 17

Flurbiprofen

Diclofenac

Question 18

Which systemic corticosteroids are used to treat uveitis?

Answer 18

Prednisone

Prednisolone in cats

Question 19

When should systemic corticosteroids be used?

Answer 19

if vision loss is imminent due to inflammation or secondary glaucoma

Question 20

Which systemic NSAIDs are used to treat uveitis?

Answer 20

Carprofen or Meloxicam in dogs

Meloxicam or Robenacoxib in cats

Question 21

What are the benefits of using atropine to treat uveitis?

Answer 21

• reduces pain of ciliary body spasm
• reduces risk of posterior synechia
• stabilizes blood ocular barrier

Question 22

What are the clinical signs associated with uveal tumors?

Answer 22

• uveitis +/- hyphema
• iris or ciliary body mass
• iris displacement
• secondary glaucoma

Question 23

What are the most common primary uveal tumor in the dog?

Describe the features

Answer 23

melanoma/melanocytoma

- very low metastatic rate

Question 24

What are the most common primary uveal tumor in the cat?

Describe the features

Answer 24

Feline diffuse iris melanoma

- metastasis common

Question 25

What is the most common secondary uveal tumor?

Answer 25

lymphosarcoma

Question 26

What is cycloplegia?

Answer 26

paralysis of the ciliary body