Ophthalmology - Eyelids

Question 1

What is the tarsus?

Answer 1

• fibrous and glandular layer of the eyelid
• holding layer for surgical eyelid closure
• supports the Meibomian glands

Question 2

What is entropion?

Answer 2

rolling in of the eyelid margin such that hairs are touching the ocular surface

Question 3

What is blepharospasm?

Answer 3

spasm of the orbicularis oculi muscle resulting in eyelid closure

Question 4

How is entropion treated?

Answer 4

temporary:
- lubricant
- eyelid tacking
- partial temporary tarsorrhaphy
permanent:
- Hotz Celsus (rolls out the eyelid)

Question 5

What is ectropion?

Answer 5

an eversion or rolling out of the eyelid

Question 6

How is ectropion treated?

Answer 6

• lateral eyelid wedge excision

- V to Y plasty

Question 7

What is lagophthalmos?

Answer 7

incomplete eyelid closure and globe coverage

Question 8

How is lagophthalmos treated?

Answer 8

• lubrication or temporary tarsorrhaphy

- permanent tarsorrhaphy or canthoplasty

Question 9

What is trichiasis?

Answer 9

hairs growing from normal skin reach the corneal and/or conjunctival surface

Question 10

How is trichiasis treated?

Answer 10

• lubricant

- facial fold resection or medial canthoplasty

Question 11

What is distichia?

Answer 11

cilia which emerge from the Meibomian glands

- inherited in many breeds

Question 12

How is distichia treated?

Answer 12

cryotherapy: two freeze/thaw cycles, then pluck the hairs

Question 13

What is ectopic cilia?

Answer 13

hair/cilia protruding through palpebral conjunctiva

Question 14

How is ectopic cilia treated?

Answer 14

cryotherapy: two freeze/thaw cycles, then the hairs are sharply excised

Question 15

What is the most common canine eyelid tumor?

Answer 15

meibomian gland adenoma (benign)

Question 16

What is the most common feline eyelid tumor?

Answer 16

squamous cell carcinoma (malignant)

Question 17

What are the treatment options for canine eyelid tumors?

Answer 17

• debulk and cryotherapy

- complete excision

Question 18

What suture pattern is used to close eyelid margin defects?

Answer 18

figure of 8 pattern

Question 19

What is blepharitis?

Answer 19

inflammation of the eyelids

Question 20

What is chalazion?

Answer 20

enlargement of the meibomian gland due to blockage of the duct and inspissation of its secretory products

Question 21

What is hordeolum?

Answer 21

purulent bacterial infection of the meibomian gland

Question 22

What is cherry eye?

Answer 22

prolapsed gland of the third eyelid

Question 23

When is excision of the third eyelid gland indicated?

Answer 23

neoplasia

Question 24

How is cherry eye treated?

Answer 24

• Morgan pocket technique

- Orbital tacking

Question 25

What is ptosis?

Answer 25

drooping of the eyelids caused by sympathetic denervation

Question 26

How do you identify the eyelid margins?

Answer 26

“grey line” of the meibomian gland orifices