Gastroenterology - Gastric Diseases Flashcards
Which part of the stomach expands for food?
fundus and body
What are the components of the mucosa layer of the stomach?
- superficial epithelium
- lamina propria
- gastric glands
- neuroendocrine cells
- muscularis mucosa
Which cells make up the gastric glands of the stomach?
mucous neck cells
parietal cells
chief cells
What is the lamina propria of the stomach made up of?
loose connective tissue
immune system cells
nutritional support
What is produced by the gastric neuroendocrine cells?
- enterocromafin (serotonin, histamine)
- somatostatin
- gastrin
What is the submucosa of the stomach made up of?
- dense connective tissue: structural support
- blood vessels
- lymphatics
- Meissner’s plexus
What is the muscularis of the stomach made up of?
- layers of perpendicular smooth muscle
- Auerbach’s (myenteric) plexis
Which enzyme is responsible for protein digestion?
Fat digestion?
protein - pepsin
fat - gastric lipase
What influences/controls motility of the GIT?
- migrating motility complex
- neural and hormonal stimulus
- pressure/distension (mechanoreceptors)
- nutritional content of food
What is acute gastritis?
inflammation of the stomach lining
What is the pathology associated with GDV?
- compression of CVC > impaired venous return > hypovolemic shock
- gastric wall necrosis
- splenic torsion or avulsion
- congestion of viscera
- endotoxic shock
- DIC
What are the clinical signs associated with GDV?
- acute, non-productive retching
- pytalism
- abdominal distension
- collapse
What is found on physical exam of a dog with GDV?
- abdominal distension
- tachycardia, poor pulses
- hypothermia
- depression
How is GDV diagnosed?
radiographs
- right lateral view most important
- “popeye arm”
How is GDV treated?
- aggressive fluid therapy
- decompression
- surgery ASAP
What is the treatment for food bloat?
- fluid support
- withhold food
- walk frequently
- pain management
- +/- lavage or surgery
What are the possible causes of mucosal barrier injury?
- disruption of normal gastroprotection
- decreased blood flow
- hypersecretion of acid
- decreased mucous or bicarbonate
What conditions can cause secondary gastric ulcers/erosion?
- neoplasia
- hypovolemic shock/hypotension
- trauma
- medication (NSAIDs)
- uremic gastritis
What are the clinical signs associated with gastric ulceration/erosion?
vomiting, hematemesis, melena, retching, inappetence
How is gastric ulceration/erosion diagnosed?
- radiographs with contrast
- ultrasound
- endoscopy for confirmation
- MDB and fecal
How is gastric ulceration/erosion treated?
- treat primary disease
- mucosal protectants
- proton pump inhibitors
- pain management
- blood transfusion
- nutrition
What type of bacteria is Helicobacter pylori?
spiral
gram negative
How is Helicobacter gastritis treated?
Clorithromycin
Amoxicillin
Metronidazole
Which parasites can cause gastric disease?
- Toxocara
- Physalloptera
- Ollulanus tricuspi
