Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neuro Block 3 > Ophthalmology Clinical Correlation > Flashcards

Ophthalmology Clinical Correlation Flashcards

0
Q

How many people get cataracts?

A

Everyone

Age related

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

What are the big three eye diseases?

A

Cataracts
Macular degeneration
Glaucoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are indications of cataract surgery?

A

Severe visual loss

Functional needs

Driving

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is macular degeneration?

A

Age related, over 50
Central vision loss

Two types:
Dry
Wet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What do you see in dry macular degeneration?

A

Pigment changes

Drusen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is exudate (dry) macular degeneration?

A

Defects develop in deep layers of the retina
Growth of blood vessels under the retina, edema, and finally hemmorhage

Dry can become wet

Scarring can happen and blinding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How do you treat macular degeneration?

A

Stop smoking

Dry: eat veges, nutrition, AREDS (age related eye disease study) supplements,

Wet: above, plus conventional laser, photodynamic therapy. Anti vegf drugs (vessel formation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are some causes and symptoms of glaucoma?

A

Increased intercranial pressure causes optic nerve loss

Any age, mainly after 40

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the two main types of glaucoma?

A 
Open angle
Closed angle (narrow)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the treatment of glaucoma?

A

Lower eye pressure

Medical, surgical, laser

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the place where the iris meets the eye?

A

The angle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What happens on open angle glaucoma?

A

Trabecular mesh work leading to schlemms canal is the main blockage

Thicker and less open with age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What allows you to quantify optic nerve tissue?

A

Optical coherence tomography

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is acute/narrow angle glaucoma and what is a main symptom?

A 
Painful
Acute emergency
Loss of vision
Feels hard
Nausea
Iris is pushed up against the canal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are symptoms of narrow angle glaucoma?

A

Pain, photophobia, blur, halo around lights

Corneal edema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How do you treat closed angle glaucoma?

A

Pilocarpine (know!!!)

Acetazolamide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How do you treat closed angle glaucoma per neatly?

A

Laser iridotomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is diabetic retinopathy like?

A

Mild to severe
Slow progressive
Can cause total blindness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the pathophysiology of diabetic retinopathy?

A 
Alterations in pericytes
Micro-occlusions
Retinal ischemia 
VEGF upregulation
Angiogenesis
Hemorrhage 
Organization into scar tissue
Traction (detachment)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the two main kinds of diabetic retinopathy?

A

Nonprolierative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR)

Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is NPDR?

A

Blot hemorrhages
Cotton wool spots
Macular edemhard exudates
Micro aneurysms

21
Q

What do you see in the eye in NPDR?

A

Cotton wool spots

22
Q

What do you use to see NPDR?

A

Fluoresce in angiogram

23
Q

What heals diabetic retinopathy?

A

Insulin

24
Q

What is characteristic of PPDR?

A

More significant than NPDR

Hemmorhage boat hemmorhage

25
Q

How do you treat PPDR?

A

Panretinal photocoagulation (PRP)

Coagulate the vessels with a laser
1000-15,000 spots

Wipe out the supportive retina

26
Q

How often do diabetics get an eye exam?

A

Yearly eye exam

5 years within diagnosis of type 1

27
Q

What is hypertensive retinopathy?

A

Narrowing and sclerosis of the arterioles
Cotton wool spots
Flame hemmorhage
Optic nerve edema in severe cases

28
Q

Where do you see narrowing of the arterioles?

A

Hypertensive retinopathy

29
Q

How do you treat hypertensive retinopathy?

A

Control blood pressure

If bad can use PRP

Panretinal photocoagulation is vascular occlusion

30
Q

What is Amaurosis Fugax?

A 
Sudden loss of vision in one eye
Lasts only minutes
Painless
Impending stroke until proven otherwise
Temporary vascular insufficiency
31
Q

What do you do when you see Amaurosis Fugax?

A

CV work up first

Ophthalmology work up second

32
Q

What is the work up for Amaurosis Fugax?

A

Physical exam
Carotid ultrasound
Echocardiogram

33
Q

What is an Hollenhorst Plaque?

A

Embolic material within retinal arteriole

Corotid artery or heart valve orgin
Eventually dissolve

34
Q

What is an ophthalmic migraine?

A 
Scintillating scotoma (aura)
-painless, temp
- bilateral
-short
Spasm of arteriole in the occipital cortex
35
Q

What is a ophthalmic migraine treatment?

A

Normal treatment

36
Q

What is characteristic of retinal detachment?

A 
Sudden partial vision loss in one eye
Painless
Floaters are often
Higher freq in myopia 
Trauma, spontaneous
37
Q

How do you treat retinal detachment?

A

Buckle around the eye

38
Q

What is characteristic in retinal arterial occlusion?

A

Classic sign is cherry red spot

Usually permanent loss

Occlusion in the retinal artery behind the eye

39
Q

How do you manage acute arterial occlusion?

A

Re breathing CO2 push clot further out, blood vessel gets bigger

Low eye blood pressure

Message the eye

Needle in the eye

40
Q

What are characteristics of retinal vein occlusion?

A

Not as urgent
Treat underlying conditions
Not CV but hyper coagulation

41
Q

What show a squashed tomato picture in the eye?

A

Center retinal vein occlusion

42
Q

What is temporal arthritis?

A

NOT PAINLESS
Wind hurts

Have weight loss
Fever
Whole body aches 
Jaw cramps
Inflammatory vision loss
Can die from stroke
43
Q

What do you see in temporal arteritis?

A

Swollen and white optic nerve

44
Q

How do you diagnosis temporal arteritis?

A

Sedimentation
ESR
C-reactive protein

45
Q

How do you initially treat temporal arteritis?

A

High dose of systemic steroid immediately

Early

46
Q

What is classic in temporal arteritis?

A

Multi nucleated giant cells
Fragmentation/disruption of the elastic lamina of the blood vessels
Skip lesions

47
Q

What is key with a visual cerebrovascular accident?

A

Bilateral

Look at visual field

48
Q

Do you ever use topical anesthetic?

A

Only temp

It makes things worse

49
Q

What is highly associated with viral conjunctivitis?

A

Preauricular lymphadenopathy

Neuro Block 3 (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions