Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neuro Block 3 > Diseases Of The Ear > Flashcards

Diseases Of The Ear Flashcards

0
Q

What is a clinical pearl for hearing loss?

A

History

Duration
Bi or unilateral 
Sudden or progressive
Exposure
Trauma
Associated symptoms
Tympanometry
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

What is the differential diagnosis of otalgia?

A

Tbd

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a positive rinne test indicative of?

A

Conductive hearing loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What frequency of running fork should you use?

A

512hz

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the normal hearing threshold?

A

Less than 25dB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is profound hearing loss?

A

Threshold above 90dB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the otoacoustic emission test?

A

The outer hair cells emit low intensity sound following acoustic stimulation.
Unconsciously

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the newborn screening test for hearing?

A

Otoacoustic emission test

Kids less than 2yrs old

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the auditory brainstem response?

A

An output of 5 peaks that mean different things

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the most common cause of sensorineural hearing loss?

A

Presbycusis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is presbycusis?

A

Progressive loss of hair cells

Most common sensorineural hearing loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What drugs are too toxic?

A

NSAIDs, cysplatin, antimalarials (quinine, chloroquine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is otosclerosis?

A

Autosomal dominant

Bone formation on stapes
60% have family hx
Hearing aids or stapedectomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are some symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of acoustic neuroma?

A 
Vertigo
Facial nerve paralysis 
Trigeminal numbness
Diplopia 
Dx: MRI with contrast
Rx: surgery, observation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are some work ups of vertigo?

A

MRI, CT
Lumbar puncture
Electronystagmography
Rotary chair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the most common peripheral vertigo and how do you diagnosis it?

A

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV)

Dx with Dix-hallpike

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What causes BPPV?

A

Post trauma

Post viral infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is Ménière’s disease?

A

Endolymphatic hydrous

Vertigo, low pitched tinnitus, hearing loss

Sometimes bilateral
Progressive
Episodic vertigo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is vestibular neuronitis?

A 
Viral infection of the vestibular nerve
Vertigo for days
No hearing loss
URI
Last weeks to months
Meclizine, benzos, antiemetics
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What neurological diseases can cause facial nerve paralysis?

A

Guillain-Barré

Myasthenia gravis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is Anotia?

A

No ear
Only 10% syndromic
With ear canal atresia
Bone anchored hearing aid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is microtia?

A

Small ear
Grade I,II,III
I - slightly smaller ear, cup, usually no surgery
II - auricle is half sized, all structures, surgery is beneficial
III - small cartilage piece, surgical repair at age 5-6, prostheses looks good

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the most common external ear anomaly?

A

Lop ear

Like dad

23
Q

What must you worry about when removing a auricular appendage?

A

The facial nerve because it is superficial

24
Q

What is relapsing polychondritis?

A 
Inflammation of the pinna
Autoimmune
Episodic and progressive
Involves other things
Steroids and NSAIDs
25
Q

What proteins are elevated in relapsing polychondritis?

A

ESR and IgG

26
Q

What is an inflammation of the ear that looks like skin cancer and is extremely painful?

A

Nodularis chronicus helicus

27
Q

How do you treat keloids of the ear?

A

Early with steroids

Late with excision

28
Q

What is an auricular hematoma?

A

Seperation of the epithelium from the elastic cartilage

Repeat causes cauliflower ear

29
Q

What causes cellulitis of the ear?

A

Staph, pseudomonas

30
Q

What looks like a cholesteatoma?

A

Osteomas

In Norwegians

31
Q

What can herpes zoster oticus cause?

A

Decreased hearing
Pain
Facial nerve paralysis
Immunocompromized present higher risk

32
Q

What is otorrhea?

A

Ear drainage

33
Q

What test do you do on ear drainage?

A

Culture, gram stain

Beta 2 transferrin for CSF

34
Q

What is otomycosis?

A

Itching, painful ear drainage and decreased hearing

Complication of prior antibacterial treatment
Antifunal drops and pills relieve pain

Debridement

35
Q

What is bulbous myringitis and what is it associated with?

A

Inflamed tympanic membrane with serous Bullard

Associated with virus or mycoplasma post URI

36
Q

What is tympanosclerosis?

A

White plaques on TM
Hyalin or calcium depositions
Normal hearing if only TM
Conductive if middle ear

37
Q

What is a cholesteatoma?

A

Soft ball of keratin
Involved skin
Causes bone erosion
Need surgery

38
Q

Where does middle ear cholesteatoma appear and what does it do?

A

Appears in squamous epithelium

Bone and soft tissue destruction
Pressure necrosis
Secondary infection
Hearing loss and vertigo
Surgical removal
39
Q

What are the first and second most common diseases in children?

A

URI

Acute otitis media

40
Q

What results in trasudative fluid collection in the middle ear?

A

Middle ear pressure

41
Q

What are the three most common causes of AOM?

A

S. pneumonia
H. influenza
Mor. catarrhalis

42
Q

What is otalgia?

A

Ear pain

43
Q

What happens to the ear drum during crying?

A

The ear drum turns red

44
Q

How do you treat AOM with a perforated TM?

A

Topical antibiotic otic drops

45
Q

What is a mastoidectomy and what does it do?

A

Remove part of the mastoid bone

Remove cholesteatoma
Preserves hearing and vestibular function
Reconstruction of middle ear structures

46
Q

What are some things that affect smell?

A

Endocrinological state
Delayed puberty with Anosmia - kallmann syndrome
Meds
Surgeries

47
Q

What is a dermoid cyst and how is it caused?

A

Cysts of squamous cell epithelium containing epidermal appendages

Epidermal appendages displaced during development

48
Q

What is nasal Encephalocele?

A

Protrusion of meninges, CSF, and neural tissue into nasal cavity

49
Q

What is the hypothesis of nasal glioma formation?

A

Develop from extra cranial rests of glial tissue

Abnormal closure of fonticulus nasofrontalis

Maybe encephaloceles that have lost CSF connection

50
Q

What is rhinitis?

A

Irritation and inflammation of the mucous membrane in the nose

51
Q

How is allergic rhinitis mediated?

A

IgE mediated hypersensitivity
20% of us population
Almost always present by 20yrs

52
Q

What is the atropy of allergic rhinitis?

A

Genetic predisposition to respond to enviornmental allergens with production of specific IgE antibodies

53
Q

What is highly indicative of allergic rhinitis?

A

Prurtitis (nasal, ocular, oral, pharyngeal)

54
Q

How do you diagnosis allergic rhinitis?

A

RAST
ELISA ( long time, less sensitive)
Antigen skin testing (affected by anti histamine therapy)

55
Q

What is the pathogenesis of sinusitis?

A

S. aureus
Mot. Catarrhalis
H. Flu

Biofilms
Fungi
IgE (chronic)

56
Q

What is the gold standard for diagnosing sinusitis?

A

CT scan without IV contrast

Neuro Block 3 (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions