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Neuro Block 3 > Auditory And Vestibular Pathways > Flashcards

Auditory And Vestibular Pathways Flashcards

0
Q

What is the efferent system of the auditory pathway?

A
  1. From the hair cells
  2. Acoustic reflex
    - trigeminal motor nucleus to tensor tympani
    - facial motor nucleus to the stapedius
    2 protects against slow loud sounds, not rapid, stiffen the ear drum
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1
Q

What are the stages of the auditory pathway?

A

-hair cells to spiral ganglion
- brainstem, the cochlear nuclei (primary terminate here)
- superior olivary complex (trapezoid body)
- inferior colliculus (can bypass the previous)
- through the brachium to the medial geniculate nucleus of the thalamus
- through the internal capsule to the primary
auditory cortex

Each one is a neuron termination all the way to the 6th order neuron

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2
Q

What is the system of the auditory pathway?

A

Bilateral

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3
Q

How can you have ipsilateral hearing loss?

A

At or before the cochlear nucleus

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4
Q

What are the vestibular pathways?

A

Many
Mainly reflex
There is an unconscious vestibular cortex

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5
Q

Where are the cell bodies for the hair cells of the vestibular system?

A

The vestibular (scarpas) ganglion

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6
Q

What is the first part of then vestibular pathway?

A

Hair cells to the vestibular ganglion

Vestibular nuclei, superior, lateral, medial, inferior

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7
Q

What is the first pathway of the vestibular pathway? Typical afferent for perception

A
  1. From the superior and lateral vestibular nuclei
  2. Medial lemniscus to the ventroposterior nucleus of the thalamus
  3. Vestibular cortex (somewhere)
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8
Q

What is the second major output of the vestibular pathway?

A

Reflex
1. Vestibularspinal reflexes, lateral (limb and trunck)
Medial (upper back and neck) and inferior I’m response to head movement

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9
Q

What is the third vestibular output?

A

Eye position

Vestibulo-occular reflex (VOR)

Help position the eye during movement

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10
Q

What is the fourth vestibular output?

A

Vestibular - cerebellum

Through the folliculonoduoar lobe

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11
Q

What travels through the internal auditory meatus?

A

Facial nerve
Labryinth artery
Auditory nerve

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12
Q

Where is the entry point of the auditory nerve?

A

The pons and medulla dividing point

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13
Q

What landmark do you look for to find the auditory nerve?

A

The inferior cerebellum peduncle

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14
Q

Where can you find the vestibulospinal tract and where does it come from and go?

A

Cervical spinal cord
Centrally by the fissure
The vestibular nuclei

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15
Q

How can you identify the mid medulla?

A

By the inferior olivary nucleus (not part of the pathway)

16
Q

Where is the nucleus of the solitary tract?

A

Mid medulla

17
Q

Where do the vestibular nuclei sit?

A

Lateral to the ventricle
Mid medulla
Inferior has speckles
Above the solitary tract and nucleus

18
Q

Where is the medial longitudinal fasciculus?

A

Midline of the mid medulla

19
Q

Where do you see the cochlear nucleus?

A 
The rostal medulla
Which you can tell by the opening of the fourth ventricle
Inferior olivary nucleus
Most lateral aspect of the brainstem
Medial and inferior vestibular nucleus
20
Q

What auditory nerve pathway do you see in the lower pons?

A

Superior olivary nucleus in the middle
Facial nucleus wrapping around the abducens nucleus
Superior vestibular nucleus above the facial nucleus

21
Q

What do you see in the rostal pons?

A

MLF - medial longitudinal folliculus

Lateral lemniscus

22
Q

What are the landmarks of the midbrain?

A

Decussation of the cerebral peduncle

23
Q

What are the auditory structures of the midbrain?

A

Inferior colliculus

Brachium

24
Q

What do you see in the rostal midbrain?

A

Medial (auditory) and lateral(visual) geniculate nucleus

25
Q

How do you access auditory function?

A

Auditory brainstem response
BAER

Extremely heavily myelinated in this area

26
Q

What do you see in a Auditory brainstem response?

A

Five peaks 10ms

  1. Auditory nerve
  2. Cochlear nucleus (trapezoid body)
  3. Brachium of inferior colliculus
  4. Cortex
  5. Cortex
27
Q

What circuit do you think about with the weber test?

A

Sound localization

Left cochlear nucleus to both sides of the superior olivary nuclei

28
Q

What parts of the superior olivary nucleus do you have intensity and time processing?

A

Lateral superior olivary nucleus - intensity

Medial superior olivary nucleus - time

Neuro Block 3 (17 decks)

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