Embryology Of The Face And Palate

Question 0

What are the three prominences that will transform into the face?

Answer 0

Frontonasal
Maxillary
Mandibular

Question 1

What are the maxillary and mandibular prominences from?

Answer 1

The first pharyngeal (brachial) arch

Question 2

What are placodes and what facial structures are derived from them?

Answer 2

A facial primordia
Ectodermal thickenings with neurological potential that appear in pairs on the developing head. Contribute components to the special senses

Three of them:
Lens
Otic (inner ear)
Nasal (nasal cavity and part of upper lip)

Question 3

What are the facial prominences derived from?

Answer 3

Neural crest cells

Migrate into the pharyngeal arches

Question 4

What is the frontonasal prominence?

Answer 4

Mesenchyme ventral to brain vesicles

Question 5

Where is the maxillary prominence from?

Answer 5

Extension of the first pharyngeal arch

Question 6

Where is the mandibular prominence from?

Answer 6

First pharyngeal arch mesenchyme

Question 7

What is the stomodeum?

Answer 7

Depression in the ectoderm surrounded by five facial prominences. Future site of mouth

Question 8

What does the surface ectoderm of the stomodeum form?

Answer 8

The floor of the oropharyngeal (buccopharyngeal) membrane

Question 9

When does the oropharyngeal membrane break down and what does it form and where was it?

Answer 9

Day 24

Opens the primitive gut to the amniotic cavity

Membrane was located at the junction of the anterior 2/3 and posterior 1/3 of the tongue

Question 10

Where do the facial primordia mostly migrate?

Answer 10

To the midline

Question 11

What does the fromtonasal prominence form?

Answer 11

Midline structures of the face

• forehead, dorsal aspect of the nose

Question 12

What do the medial and lateral nasal prominences form?

Answer 12

As elevations on the frontal nasal prominences around the developing nasal placodes/pits

Medial - migrate medially, fuse and form the inter maxillary segment, contributing to the midline of the nose and part of the nasal septum, philtrum of the upper lip, per maxillary part of the maxilla, and primary palate

Lateral - migrate to form the sides of the nose

Question 13

What happens as the nasal pits deepen?

Answer 13

They move midline and fuse into the intermaxillary segment

Question 14

What week does the nose obtain a more human shape?

Answer 14

8

Question 15

What happens at the line of the maxillary and frontonasal prominence?

Answer 15

Surface ectoderm makes a cord in the nasolacrimal groove, undergoes apoptosis and becomes the lacrimal duct

Question 16

What happens if the lacrimal duct does not open?

Answer 16

Chapped eyes
Infections
Will have to open

Question 17

What is the progression of nasal placodes?

Answer 17

4.5 weeks nasal placodes - 6 weeks nasal pits - 7 weeks nasal sacs

Question 18

What is the nasal sac?

Answer 18

Surface ectoderm

Question 19

What is the oronasal membrane?

Answer 19

Separates the oral and nasal cavity

Breaks by apoptosis

Question 20

What does the surface ectoderm of the nasal placodes form?

Answer 20

Diff into neural ectoderm and forms hair cells and nerves that go to the old
Factory bulb

Question 21

What is choanal atresia?

Answer 21

Failure of the nasal cavity to open

Question 22

What is the critical period of palate development?

Answer 22

Week 6 to the beginning of week 9

Question 23

Where does the palate derive from?

Answer 23

Primary palate from the intermaxillary segment

Secondary palate from the palatine shelves of the maxillary prominences

Question 24

Where does the incisive foramen mark?

Answer 24

Where the primary and secondary palates come together

Question 25

What forms the palatine shelves?

Answer 25

He secondary palate

Question 26

What are some anterior defects that are congenital abnormalities of the lip and palate?

Answer 26

Due to failure of fusion of the maxillary prominences with the fused medial nasal prominences

Cleft involving upper lip, alveolar part of the maxillar and primary palate

Question 27

What are some causes of posterior defects of the palate?

Answer 27

Failure of the fusion of the palatine shelves with one another, nasal septum and with the posterior margin of the primary palate.

Involve hard and soft palate

Question 28

What are facial features of fetal alcohol syndrome?

Answer 28

Indistinct philtrum

Flat mid face

Small jaws

Question 29

Do you have sinuses at birth?

Answer 29

No. Maybe ethmodial

Question 30

What helps jaw development?

Answer 30

Chewing