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Neuro Block 3 > Embryology Of The Eye And Ear > Flashcards

Embryology Of The Eye And Ear Flashcards

0
Q

What causes the formation of the lens placodes and what are the steps of the eye folding?

A

He diencephalon causes the formation of the lens placode

The optic grooves form into the optic vesicles which form into the optic cups

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1
Q

When does the eye begin to form?

A

Before the rostal neural tube closes

A little neural tube begins to evaginate and push through the wall

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2
Q

What vessels enter into the developing stack of the eye?

A

He hyaloid arteries

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3
Q

What are hyaloid vessels and where do hey come from?

A

Branches of the Opthalmic vessels that supply the eye, retina, and posterior aspect of the lens capsule

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4
Q

What normally happens to the optic fissure?

A

The fissure closes the hyaloid vessels

At the same time, the folded edge of the optic cup folds inward and covers the lens. These edges will be the edges of the pupil

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5
Q

What happens at the same time of the pupil edges development?

A

The neurons on the back of the eye start to thicken and develop into photoreceptors

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6
Q

What is the sheath surrounding the optic nerve am extension of?

A

The meninges

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7
Q

What can happen to the hyaloid artery?

A

Normally is disappears by apoptosis but sometimes that doesn’t happen and you can see it behind the lens

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8
Q

What is comgenital coloboma?

A

Defective closure of the choroid or optic fissure

Can just have a split in the iris or one in the retina also

It is positioned in the infero-nasal quadrant reflective of the optic fissure during fetal development

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9
Q

What are the two layers of the optic cup formed by the diencephalon?

A

Two layers with an intraretinal space

The top layer thickens to form ganglion cells

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10
Q

What layer of the optic cup has neural cells?

A

The inner retina

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11
Q

What does the outer layer of the retina become?

A

The retinal pigmented epithelium

Outer with the ear medial

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12
Q

What do the axons of the ganglion cells leave the eye through?

A

The lamina cribrosa

The arteries actually lie on the photoreceptors

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13
Q

What are the ciliary body and iris formed from?

A

Anterior part of the optic cup

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14
Q

What are the two layers of the iris?

A

Pigmented area and muscle

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15
Q

Where do the sphincter pupillae and the dilater pupillae develop from?

A

The iris mesenchyme not mesoderm

From the optic cup

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16
Q

What is responsible for forming aqueous humor?

A

The ciliary body

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17
Q

What induces the surface extoderm to form the lens placode?

A

The neuroectoderm which it itself forms the retina, iris, and ciliary body

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18
Q

Where are the major lens fibers coming from?

A

The posterior wall

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19
Q

What happens anterior to the mexenchyme forming the eye?

A

Parts of the mesenchyme apoptosis and become the anterior chamber

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20
Q

What can fail to apoptosis and give blurry visions

A

The irido-pupillary membrane

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21
Q

How is the vitreous humor formed?

A

Entirely from the mesenchyme

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22
Q

What induces the formation of the choroid and sclera?

A

The RPE

23
Q

What are the three layers of the cornea?

A

Epithelium (surface ectoderm)
Stroma (mesenchyme)
Endothelium (associated with the sclera, neural crest cells from the optic cup)

24
Q

When do the eyelids open?

A

26 day

25
Q

Where is the skeletal muscle of the eyelids from?

A

2nd arch

The levator palpebrae superioris is from myotomes

26
Q

Where are the tarsal muscles developed from?

A

Mesenchyme

27
Q

What is the etiology of a congenital cataract?

A 
Rubella infection of mom 4-9weeks
Hereditary
Malnutrition
Radiation
Galactosemia
28
Q

What causes congenital Ptosis?

A 
Abnormal development of levator palpebrae superioris, localized myogenic dysgenesis 
 Occularmotor nerve palsy 
Autosomal dominant
Does not affect vision
Surgically correctable
29
Q

What is anophthalmia and microphthalmia?

A

Absent or small eye

30
Q

What are the three different areas the ear comes from?

A

Pharyngeal arches

Pharyngeal pouches

Otic placodes

31
Q

What induces the descent of the otic placodes?

A

The phombencephalon

32
Q

What forms the structures of he inner ear?

A

The otic placode

33
Q

What does the dorsal part of the otic vesicle gove rise to?

A

Semicircular ducts
Utricle
Endolymphatic duct/sac

34
Q

What does the ventral part of the otic vesicle give rise to?

A

Saccule
Cochlear duct
Ductus reuniens

35
Q

What are the two parts of the otic placode?

A

Dorsal (utricular)

Ventral (saccular)

36
Q

Where does the cochlear duct come from?

A

The dorsal otic placode?

37
Q

What are the semicircular ducts filled with?

A

Endolymph

38
Q

Where are the sensory receptors of the semicircular ducts?

A

The ampulla (crista ampullaris)

39
Q

What are the sensory receptors that develop from the utricular portion of the otic placode?

A

Macula utriculi

40
Q

What is the precursor the the spiral and vestibular ganglion?

A

The statoacoustic ganglion

41
Q

How is the statoacoustic ganglion formed?

A

From the cells of the wall of the otic vesicle and neural crest cells

42
Q

What type of cells are in the vestibular ganglion?

A

Primary afferent bipolar neurons

43
Q

What induces the cochlear duct area to grow and then ossify?

A

The otic vesicle

44
Q

What is the stria Vascularis?

A

The blood supply area of the cochlear

Derived from neural crest cells

45
Q

What is the middle ear lined by?

A

Endoderm

46
Q

What is the origin of the tympanic cavity and the Eustachian tube?

A

The first pharyngeal pouch

47
Q

What becomes the ear drum?

A

Mesoderm

48
Q

Where do the ossicles develop from?

A

Mesenchyme

49
Q

What become the mastoid air cells?

A

The tympanic cavity

50
Q

What is the stapedius muscle derived from and what nerve supplies it?

A

Second arch

The nerve of the second arch - facial

51
Q

What is the tensor tympani derived from and what nerve supplies it?

A

First pharyngeal arch

Supplied by the nerve of the first pharyngeal arch, the mandibular branch of the trigeminal

52
Q

What is the meatal plug?

A

Ultimately disappears to form the tympanic membrane

53
Q

Where is the auricle or pinna derived from?

A

Mesoderm from either side of the firstmoharyngeal groove

54
Q

Where does facial innervate?

A

Only the inner ear

So you do not see the sensory dermatome

55
Q

What happens when the hillocks do not fuse?

A

Per auricular cyst

56
Q

What does first arch syndrome?

A

Persistent meatal plug

Neuro Block 3 (17 decks)

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