Ophthalmology

Question 1

4 key causes of corneal scarring in children

Answer 1

1. Vitamin deficiency
2. Measles
3. Ophthalmia neonatorum (conjunctivitis <28 days)
4. Harmful traditional eye medicines

Question 2

Trachoma - organism

Answer 2

Chalmydia trachomatis

Question 3

Vitamin A deficiency clinical signs

Answer 3

Grades of xerophthalmia
- Night blindness
- Conjunctival/corneal xerosis
- Bitot’s spots
- Corneal ulcer
- Corneal carring

Question 4

Ophthalmia neonatorum - definition

Answer 4

Conjunctivitis in the first 28 days of life

Question 5

Ophthalmia neonatorum - common causes

Answer 5

Chlamydia + gonorrhoea

Question 6

Ophthalmia neonatorum - prevention measures

Answer 6

Clean eyelids at birth
Antibiotic ointment (tetracycline)

Question 7

Retinopathy of prematurity - risk factors

Answer 7

Prematurity
Low birthweight
Oxygen toxicity during neonatal care

Question 8

Main causes of red eye worldwide (4)

Answer 8

1. Conjunctivitis
2. Corneal ulcer, including herpes simplex
3. Iritis
4. Acute glaucoma

Question 9

Main causes of visual loss globally (5)

Answer 9

1. Refractive error
2. Corneal scar
3. Cataract
4. Glaucoma
5. Retinal disease

Question 10

What is a hyphaema?

Answer 10

Red fluid level of blood in the eye following trauma

Question 11

What is a bitot’s spot and what’s the cause?

Answer 11

White foamy patch on the conjunctiva secondary to vitamin A deficiency

Question 12

What is leukocoria

Answer 12

Cataract
Retinoblastoma