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ID study > Mycology > Flashcards

Mycology Flashcards

1
Q

Talaromycosis - species

A

Talaromycosis marneffei (Mould in the cold, yeast in the beast)

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2
Q

Talaromycosis geographical region

A

SE Asia, Southern China, Northeastern India

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3
Q

Talaromycosis transmission

A

Inhalation of spores from the soil, possibly association with the bamboo rat

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4
Q

Talaromycosis clinical features

A

Skin lesions common in 70% of cases - look like molluscum contagiosum and can have genital ulcers
Lymphadenopathy
Hepatosplenomegaly in HIV patients

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5
Q

Talaromycosis diagnostics

A

Microscopy
Culture (surrounding red pigment)
Serology
PCR

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6
Q

Treatment talaromycosis

A
  1. Amphotericin B 1-2 weeks then itraconazole 12 months
  2. Maintenance lifelong or until immune recovery in those with HIV (prophylaxis if CD4 <100)
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7
Q

Paracoccidiodomycosis (P brasiliensis, lutzii) distribution

A

Central and South America (especially brazil - 80% of cases) - Tarzan holding the wheel

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8
Q

Paracoccidiodomycosis - clinical features

A

Acute: lymphadenopathy, fever, hepatosplenomegaly
Skin lesions in 50%

Chronic: Vegetative/crusted lesions, ulcers, multiform stomatitis with gingival involement

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9
Q

Paracoccidiodomycosis - treatment

A

Amphotericin B
Itraconazole

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10
Q

Histoplasmosis - organism

A

Histoplasma capsulatum

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11
Q

Histoplasmosis - distribution

A

River valleys in Central/South America (remember the case discussion case) and Africa

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12
Q

Histoplasmosis - transmission

A

Inhalation of spores from bird/bat droppings

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13
Q

Histoplasmosis clinical features

A

Pulmonary symptoms resembling TB
Disseminated disease with cutaneous involvement with papules, nodules which can become necrotic in immunocompromised. Mucocutaneous granulomas and ulcers also possible

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14
Q

Azole - example, indication and side effects

A

Iraconazole/fluconazole
Candida, aspergillosis
Hepatotoxicity and prolonged QT

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15
Q

Caspofungin - indication and side effects

A

Invasive candidiasis, aspergillosis

hepatotoxicity, rash, headache

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16
Q

Amphotericin B - indication and side effects

A

Systemic mycoses, candidiasis, cutaneous leish (4th line)

Nephrotoxicity

17
Q

Terbinafine - indication and side effects

A

Dermatophyte infections
Hepatotoxicity

18
Q

Blastomycosis - epidemiology

A

North America
Thick walled spherical yeasts with broad based buds

19
Q

Blastomycosis - clinical features

A

Pulmonary infection due to inhalation of spores with lung cavities
Skin involvement common with nodules, abscesses, pustules and warty lesions (often on torso)
Not so common in HIV

20
Q

Endemic mycoses - treatment

A

Itraconazole 6-12 months if mild, or amphotericin B if severe followed by itraconazole

21
Q

Paracoccidiomycosis - epidemiology

A

Central and S America (Brazil) - think Tarzan

22
Q

Paracoccidiomycosis - clinical features

A

Chronic lung disease (inhalation from the soil), mucosal lesions in the mouth, lymphadenopathy
Itraconazole or amphotericin B for severe

23
Q

Histoplasmosis - epidemiology

A

Ohio and mississipi river valleys, central and south america

24
Q

Histoplasmosis - transmission

A

Inhalation of bird/bat droppings

25
Q

Histoplasmosis clinical presentation

A

Resembles TB, can be disseminated in immunocompromised

26
Q

Coccidiomycosis - epidemiology

A

Southwestern US (Arizona, California), Central and S America in semi-desert areas with low rainfall

27
Q

Coccidiomycosis - clinical features

A

Flu-like illness and joint involvement
Erythema nodosum

In acute disseminated can get abscesses, verrucous plaques

28
Q

Blastomycosis - epidemiology

A

North America - great lakes

29
Q

Talaromycosis - clinicla features

A

Fever, weight loss, skin lesions which look a bit like mollusum, lymphadenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly in immunocompromised

30
Q

Talaromycosis - epidemiology

31
Q

Sprotrichosis - summary

A

Rose gardners disease
Cutaneous nodules/abscesses/swellings
but can get pulmonary or bony involvement with destructive cavitating lesions

32
Q

Histoplasma duboisii

A

Skin, bone and lymph nodes

33
Q

Emergomycosis - epidemiology

A

South Africa
Often more advanced disease

34
Q

Emergomycosis - clinical features

A

96% have skin lesions which look like histoplasmosis
Also can have pulmonary involvement

35
Q

Mycetoma triad

A
  1. Sinus tracts
  2. Grains
  3. Painless swellings

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