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GAS > OPHTHALMOLOGY > Flashcards

OPHTHALMOLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

MATA MERAH, VISUS NORMAL
Radang kelopak, skuama kering, ulserasi, madarosis

A

BLEFARITIS ANTERIOR STAPHYLOCOCCAL

Bersihkan krusta, kompres hangat, Ab topikal

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2
Q

MATA MERAH, VISUS NORMAL
Radang kelopak, skuama berminyak

A

BLEFARITIS ANTERIOR SEBOROIK

Bersihkan sisik, kompres hangat, Ab topikal

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3
Q

MATA MERAH, VISUS NORMAL
Meibomianitis, sekret kental kelopak posterior

A

BLEFARITIS POSTERIOR

Masase, Ab topikal, Ab oral

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4
Q

MATA MERAH, VISUS NORMAL
Injeksi konjungtiva (++), sekret muko/purulen, lengket

A

KONJUNGTIVITIS BAKTERIAL

Kloramfenikol salep 3x 1%, kloramfenikol tts 6x 0.5%

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5
Q

MATA MERAH, VISUS NORMAL
Injeksi konjungtiva (+), sekret bening/mukoid, limfadenopati preaurikula

A

KONJUNGTIVITIS VIRAL

Artificial tears

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6
Q

MATA MERAH, VISUS NORMAL
Herbert’s pits (+), purulen, pannus

A

KONJUNGTIVITIS KLAMIDIA/TRACHOMA

Tetrasiklin salep 1% + tetrasiklin 1x 1g / doksisiklin 2x 100mg / eritromisin 1x 1g @3-4wk

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7
Q

MATA MERAH, VISUS NORMAL
Konjungtivitis, Sekret purulent sangat banyak

A

KONJUNGTIVITIS GONOCOCCAL

Kloramfenikol tts 0.5%/h + seftriakson 1g IM + azitromisin 1g PO

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8
Q

MATA MERAH, VISUS NORMAL
Konjungtivitis, Trantas dot, cobble stone (+)

A

KONJUNGTIVITIS ALERGI/VERNAL

SODIUM KROMOGLIKAT 2%, suportif

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9
Q

MATA MERAH, VISUS NORMAL
Rw valsava/trauma, mata merah, asimtomatis

A

PENDARAHAN SUBKONJUNGTIVA

Kompres dingin (<24h), kompres hangat (>24h), artificial tears

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10
Q

MATA MERAH, VISUS NORMAL
Tes schirmer <10mm, TBUT <10s, rose bengal (+) titik merah

A

KONJUNGITIVITS SICCA/DRY EYE SYNDROME

Artificial tears

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11
Q

MATA MERAH, VISUS NORMAL
Tes phenylephrine (+) merah hilang

A

EPISKLERITIS

Kompres dingin, artificial tear

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12
Q

MATA MERAH, VISUS NORMAL
Tes fenilefrin (-) merah menetap

A

SKLERITIS

NSAID

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13
Q

MATA MERAH, VISUS TURUN
Trias: fotofobia, epifora, blefarospasme

A

KERATITIS

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14
Q

Letak Keratitis
1. Fluoresein (+), placido (+)
2. Fluoresein (-), plasido (+)
3. Fluoresein (-), plasido (-)

A
  1. EPITEL
  2. SUBEPITEL
  3. PROFUNDA/INTERSTITIAL
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15
Q

MATA MERAH, VISUS TURUN
[Trias: fotofobia, epifora, blefarospasme], Sekret mukopurulen
1. Putih kuning, tegas
2. Kehijauan, tidak tegas

A

KERATITIS BAKTERIAL
1. S. AUREUS/PNEUMONIAE
2. P. AERUGINOSA

Kloramfenikol salep 3x 1% / tts 6x 0.5% / eritromisin salep 6x 0.5% / siprofloksasin salep 3x 0.3%

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16
Q

MATA MERAH, VISUS TURUN
[Trias: fotofobia, epifora, blefarospasme], Ulkus dentritik/geografika
1. Herpetik
2. Dermatomal

A

KERATITIS VIRAL
1. HSV
2. VZV

Asiklovir 5x 400mg PO 5d (HSV), asiklovir 5x 800mg PO 10d (VZV)

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17
Q

MATA MERAH, VISUS TURUN
[Trias: fotofobia, epifora, blefarospasme], Terkena ranting, imm def
1. Feathery like
2. Lesi satelit, wesseley ring

A

KERATITIS FUNGAL
1. FILAMENTOSA (ASPERGILUS, FUSARIUM)
2. NON FILAMENTOSA (CANDIDA)

Natamisin tts 6x 5% (filamentosa), amfoterisin B tts 6x 0.15% (candida)

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18
Q

MATA MERAH, VISUS TURUN
[Trias: fotofobia, epifora, blefarospasme], Ring shaped lesion, lensa kontak

A

KERATITIS PROTOZOAL/AKANTAMOBA

PHMB tts 0.02%/h / klorheksidin tts 0.02%/h

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19
Q

MATA MERAH, VISUS TURUN
[Trias: fotofobia, epifora, blefarospasme], Gambaran halo bundar multipel

A

KERATITIS DIMER/NUMULARIS

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20
Q

MATA MERAH, VISUS TURUN
Merah, nyeri (+), fotofobia, pandangan kabur, sinekia posterior (+), mutton fat keratitic precipitate (+), busacca nodule (+), koeppe nodule (+)

A

UVEITIS ANTERIOR/IRIDOSIKLITIS

PREDNISOLON ASETAT TTS 1%/H, atropin tts 1%, etiologis

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21
Q

MATA MERAH, VISUS TURUN
Merah, nyeri minimal, floaters, pandangan kabur, snowball/snowbanking (+)

A

UVEITIS INTERMEDIET/PARS PLANITIS

Observasi; triamsinolon asetonid inj 40mg

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22
Q

MATA TENANG, VISUS TURUN
MERAH (-) nyeri minimal, floaters, pandangan kabur berat/hilang lapang pandang

A

UVEITIS POSTERIOR/KORIORETINITIS

Triamsinolon asetonid inj 40mg

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23
Q

MATA MERAH, VISUS TURUN
Rw operasi katarak, inflamasi konjungtiva-kornea-uvea-vitreous, hipopion
1. Nyeri gerakan mata

A

ENDOFTALMITIS
1. PANOFTALMITIS

Vankomisin 1mg/0.1mL + seftazidime 2.25mg/0.1mL intravitreal; vitrektomi/eviserasi, enukleasi (panoftalmitis)

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24
Q

MATA MERAH, VISUS TURUN
TIO naik, sakit mata berat, pengelihatan menurun, mual muntah, mata merah bengkak, gonioskopi tertutup, halo pengelihatan MENDADAK

A

GLAUKOMA SUDUT TERTUTUP

ASETAZOLAMID 500MG IV + 4X 250MG PO, timolol 0.25%, pilocarpin 2% manitol, antiemesis; iridotomi/ektomi

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25
Q

MATA MERAH, VISUS TURUN
TIO naik, pengelihatan menurun, gonioskopi terbuka, PERLAHAN

A

GLAUKOMA SUDUT TERBUKA

TIMOLOL MALEAT 2X 0.25-0.5%, latanoprost 1x 0.005%, asetazolamid 4x 250mg, pilocarpin 2%, brimonidin 2%; trabekulektomi

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26
Q
  1. TIO normal, defek LP (+), C/D ratio >0.5
  2. TIO normal, defek LP (-), C/D ratio >0.5
  3. TIO naik, defek LP (-), C/D ratio <0.5
A
  1. NORMOTENSI GLAUKOMA
  2. PAPIL GLAUKOMATOSA
  3. HIPERTENSI OKULAR
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27
Q

MATA MERAH, VISUS TURUN
TIO naik, katarak imatur, pupillary block, cell dan flare COA

A

GLAUKOMA FAKOMORFIK

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28
Q

MATA MERAH, VISUS TURUN
TIO naik, katarak hipermatur/matur, trabecular meshwork block, cell dan flare COA

A

GLAUKOMA FAKOLITIK

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29
Q

MATA MERAH, VISUS TURUN
TIO naik, rw steroid mata

A

STEROID INDUCED GLAUCOMA

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30
Q

MATA MERAH, VISUS TURUN
TIO naik, trias (fotofobia, epifora, blefarospasme), megalocornea >12mm

A

GLAUKOMA KONGENITAL

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31
Q

MATA TENANG, VISUS TURUN MENDADAK
Rw trauma, slit lamp dislokasi lensa, phacodenesis/tremulous iris

A

ECTOPIA LENTIS

Pembedahan

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32
Q

MATA TENANG, VISUS TURUN MENDADAK
Floaters, pijaran cahaya, pandangan tertutup tirai, funduskopi red reflex (-), USG B scan (+)
1. Miopia tinggi, tobacco dust/shafer’s sign (+), retinal break (+)
2. Retinopati diabetik proliferatif, vitreoretinal traction band (+)
3. Inflamasi/tumor mata, shifting fluid (+)

A

ABLASIO RETINA
1. RHEGMATOGENOSA
2. TRAKSI
3. EKSUDATIF

Bed rest, pembedahan

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33
Q

MATA TENANG, VISUS TURUN MENDADAK
Cattle trucking/boxcarrying (+), retina opak, cherry red spot (+)

A

CRAO

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34
Q

MATA TENANG, VISUS TURUN MENDADAK
Retina opak segmental, cotton wool spot (+)

35
Q

MATA TENANG, VISUS TURUN MENDADAK
Blood and thunder appearance (vena berkelok + flame shape hemorrhage) (+) seluruh kuadran

36
Q

MATA TENANG, VISUS TURUN MENDADAK
Blood and thunder appearance (vena berkelok + flame shape hemorrhage) (+) segmental

37
Q

MATA TENANG, VISUS TURUN MENDADAK
Nyeri, buta warna, defek LP, RAPD/marcus gunn (+)
1. Funduskopi normal
2. Disc hiperemis dan edema
3. Papilitis + star macula

A

NEURITIS OPTIK
1. RETROBULBAR NEURITIS
2. PAPILITIS
3. NEURORETINITIS

38
Q

MATA TENANG, VISUS TURUN MENDADAK
Buta warna, defek LP, gejala etiologi
1. Tumor/trauma, Edema (-), funduskopi disc pucat batas tegas
2. Papiledema/neuritis optik, Edema (+), funduskopi disc pucat batas kabur

A

ATROFI OPTIK
1. PRIMER
2. SEKUNDER

39
Q

MATA TENANG, VISUS TURUN PERLAHAN
Usia tua, skotoma sentral, drusen (+), atrofi geografika, lambat

A

DRY AMD

Vitamin

40
Q

MATA TENANG, VISUS TURUN PERLAHAN
Usia tua, skotoma sentral, neovaskularisasi, pendarahan subretinal, lebih cepat

A

WET AMD

anti-VEGF intravitreal, photodynamic therapy, fotokoagulasi

41
Q

MATA TENANG, VISUS TURUN PERLAHAN
Pinhole test membaik
1. Sumbu mata panjang, depan retina, lensa cembung, koreksi sferis (-)
2. Sumbu mata pendek, belakang retina, lensa datar, koreksi sferis (+)

A
  1. MIOPIA
  2. HIPERMETROPIA

Derajat (3-6) –> ringan-3-sedang-6-berat vice versa

42
Q

MATA TENANG, VISUS TURUN PERLAHAN
Usia tua >40, rabun dekat (+) sulit membaca, jauh (-)

A

PRESBIOPIA

Lensa cembung / addisi, lensa +1 (40y) tambah 0.5 setiap 5y misal +1.5 (45y); LASIK

43
Q

MATA TENANG, VISUS TURUN PERLAHAN
Pinhole test membaik
Kornea/lensa tidak rata, fokus multipel, pandangan ganda, plasido test (+) lonjong

A

ASTIGMATISMA

44
Q

Klasifikasi Astigmatisma Berdasarkan Meridian

A
  1. Meridien tegak lurus: REGULER
  2. Meridien sejajar: IREGULER
  3. Meridien vertikal dominan: WITH THE RULE
  4. Meridien horizontal dominan: AGAINST THE RULE
45
Q

Klasifikasi Astigmatisma Berdasarkan Letak Fokus

A
  1. 1 fokus di retina, 1 fokus di depan: MIOPIA SIMPLEKS C(-)
  2. 1 fokus di retina, 1 fokus di belakang: HIPERMETROPIA SIMPLEKS C(+)
  3. 2 fokus di depan: MIOPIA KOMPLEKS C(-) S(-)
  4. 2 fokus di belakang: HIPERMETROPIA KOMPLEKS C(+) S(+)
  5. 1 fokus di depan, 1 fokus di belakang: MIXTUS C(-) S(+)
46
Q

Pandangan kabur/ganda, Crowding phenomena test (+), worth’s four dot test (+)

A

AMBLIOPIA

Oklusi mata sehat, atropine mata sehat

47
Q

Juling, Cover test(+), cover-uncover test (+), hirschberg test (+), krimsky test (+)

A

STRABISMUS

Cover test untuk -tropia (manifest), cover-uncover test untuk -foria (laten)

48
Q

Terminologi Strabismus

A

Ke dalam: ESO-
Ke luar : EKSO-
Ke atas: HIPER-
Ke bawah: HYPO-
Torsional: INSIKLO/EKSIKLO-
Ada dalam keadaan normal: MANIFES/-TROPIA
Ada hanya jika dioklusi: LATEN/-PHORIA

49
Q

MATA TENANG, VISUS TURUN PERLAHAN
Mata keruh, <1 tahun, TORCH/rubella kongenital, leukoria (+), cat’s eye reflex (+)

A

KATARAK KONGENITAL

50
Q

MATA TENANG, VISUS TURUN PERLAHAN
Mata keruh sebagian, >50 tahun, iris shadow (+), refleks fundus (+)

A

KATARAK SENILIS IMATUR

51
Q

MATA TENANG, VISUS TURUN PERLAHAN
Mata keruh total, >50 tahun, iris shadow (-), refleks fundus (-)

A

KATARAK SENILIS MATUR

52
Q

MATA TENANG, VISUS TURUN PERLAHAN
Mata keruh masif, >50 tahun, pseudo iris shadow (+), refleks fundus (-), korteks lensa meleleh

A

KATARAK SENILIS HIPERMATUR

53
Q

MATA TENANG, VISUS TURUN PERLAHAN
Mata keruh masif, >50 tahun, pseudo iris shadow (+), refleks fundus (-), nukleus lensa jatuh

A

KATARAK MORGAGNI

54
Q

MATA TENANG, VISUS TURUN PERLAHAN
Mata keruh, Diabetes, snowflakes sign (+)

A

KATARAK DIABETIKA

55
Q

MATA TENANG, VISUS TURUN PERLAHAN
Mata keruh, Post trauma, rosette/stellate (+), glassblower

A

KATARAK TRAUMATIKA

56
Q

Tatalaksana Katarak

A

Kacamata hitam pada mata katarak; ICCE/ECCE/FAKOEMULSIFIKASI

57
Q

MATA TENANG, VISUS TURUN PERLAHAN
Riwayat DM

A

DIABETIK RETINOPATI

TX DM, inj anti-VEGF (DME), fotokoagulasi laser/vitrektomi (NPDR berat/PDR)

58
Q

Klasifikasi Diabetik Retinopati

A
  1. NPDR ringan: mikroaneurisma saja
  2. NPDR sedang: NPDR ringan + pendarahan intraretinal, hard exudate, cotton wool spot
  3. NPDR berat: NPDR sedang memberat, 4-2-1: 4 kuadran pendarahan, ≥2 kuadran vena kelok, ≥1 intraretinal microvascular abnormality (IRMA)
  4. Non-high risk PDR (dini): neovaskularisasi (+)
  5. High risk PDR (lanjut): neovaskularisasi (+) pada optic disc atau dengan pendarahan preretinal/vitreal
  6. Diabetic macular edema (DME): penebalan retina di makula, hard exudate
  7. Clinically significant macular edema (CSME): penebalan retina dan hard exudate 500 mikron dari pusat makula, penebalan retina ≥1 ukuran diskus berjarak 1 diameter diskus dari pusat makula
59
Q

MATA TENANG, VISUS TURUN PERLAHAN
Riwayat HT

A

RETINOPATI HIPERTENSI

60
Q

Derajat Retinopati Hipertensi

A

I: penciutan ringan pembuluh darah
II: penciutan sedang, AV crossing, AV nicking, copper/silver wiring
III: II + flame shape hemorrhage, cotton wool spot, hard exudate
IV: III + papiledema

61
Q

Defisiensi vitamin A, rabun senja

A

XEROFTALMIA

Vitamin A 50rb IU [1/2 kapsul biru] (<6mo), 100rb IU [1 kapsul biru] (6-11mo), 200rb IU [1 kapsul merah] (≥12mo) d1, d2, d15

62
Q

Klasifikasi Xeroftalmia

A

XN: buta senja
X1A: xerosis konjungtiva
X1B: bitot spot
X2: xerosis kornea
X3A: xerosis + keratomalacia (ulkus <1/3 kornea)
X3B: xerosis + keratomalacia (ulkus ≥1/3 kornea)
XS: sikatriks
XF: fundus

63
Q

Buta senja, penurunan LP perifer, bone spicule (+)

A

RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA

Suportif, PEMBEDAHAN

64
Q

Darah mengisi COA

A

HIFEMA

Bed rest, head up 30 derajat, eye patch mata sakit, ATROPIN TTS 1% (I, II); parasentesis (III, IV)

65
Q

Derajat Hifema

A

I: ≤1/3 anterior chamber
II: 1/3-1/2 anterior chamber
III: >1/2 anterior chamber
IV: total

66
Q

Tatalaksana Korpus Alienum Mata

A

Pantokain tts 2%, ekstraksi kapas lidi/jarum 23G, kloramfenikol tts 0.5% (konjungtiva), RUJUK (kornea)

67
Q

Bulu mata ke arah dalam

A

TRIKIASIS

Epilasi

68
Q

Bulu mata tumbuh diluar garis normal

A

DISTRIKIASIS

Epilasi

69
Q

Kelopak mata inversi

A

ENTROPION

Degenerasi, usia tua: INVOLUSIONAL
Spasme karena infeksi: SPASTIK
Trauma, fibrosis: SIKATRIKAL
Kelainan kongenital m. retraktor: KONGENITAL

70
Q

Kelopak mata eversi

A

EKTROPION

Degenerasi, usia tua: INVOLUSIONAL
Spasme karena infeksi: SPASTIK
Trauma, fibrosis: SIKATRIKAL
Kelainan kongenital m. retraktor: KONGENITAL
Massa/tumor: MEKANIKAL
Paralisis N.VII: PARALITIK

71
Q

Pertumbuhan fibrovaskular konjungtiva, tes sonde (-)

A

PTERIGIUM

Lindungi mata, artificial tear (radang); rujuk eksisi

72
Q

Derajat Pterigium

A

I: tidak mengenai limbus kornea
II: melewati limbus tapi <2mm kornea
III: tidak melebihi pupil
IV: melewati pupil

73
Q

Penyembuhan ulkus kornea, tes sonde (+)

A

PSEUDOPTERIGIUM

Lindungi mata, artificial tear (radang); rujuk eksisi

74
Q

Degenerasi hialin submukosa konjungtiva, bintik kuning (+)
1. Pelebaran pembuluh darah, inflamasi

A

PINGUEKULA
1. PINGUEKULITIS

Konservatif; eksisi

75
Q

Radang kelopak mata atas luar (lakrimal gland), anel test (+) = tidak terganggu, s-shaped ptosis: DAKRIOADENITIS

A

DAKRIOADENITIS

KOMPRES HANGAT; Ab (2nd inf)

76
Q

Radang kelopak mata bawah medial (lacrimal sac), anel test (-) = terganggu, epifora prominen

A

DAKRIOSISTITIS

kloramfenikol salep 1%, co-amoksiklav 3x 500mg PO 7d

77
Q

Radang kelopak mata bawah medial (lacrimal duct), anel test (-) = terganggu, DAKRIOSISTOGRAFI (GS) tidak paten

A

DAKRIOSTENOSIS

Pijat sakus (<12mo); probing (>12mo); dakriosistorinostomi (acquired)

78
Q

Nyeri (+), radang akut, benjolan kecil ZEIS/MOLL dekat bulu mata

A

HORDEOLUM EKSTERNA

Kompres hangat, kloramfenikol salep 3x 1%, insisi drainase horizontal

79
Q

Nyeri (+), radang akut, benjolan kecil MEIBOM dekat bulu mata

A

HORDEOLUM INTERNA

Kompres hangat, kloramfenikol salep 3x 1%, insisi drainase vertikal

80
Q

Nyeri (-), radang granuloma kronis, benjolan tegang dekat bulu mata

A

KALAZION

Kompres hangat, CS intralesi triamsinolon asetonid 40mg/mL, ekokleasi

81
Q

Plak kuning medial palpebra

A

XANTELASMA

82
Q

Kehilangan jaringan normal mata

83
Q

Ishihara test (+), uji anomaloskop (+)

A

BUTA WARNA MERAH-HIJAU

84
Q

Uji farnsworth munsell 100 hue (+)

A

BUTA WARNA SPESIFIK

GAS (14 decks)

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