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Small Animal Surgery > Ophthalmic Surgery > Flashcards

Ophthalmic Surgery Flashcards

1
Q

Which solutions cannot be used on the eye?

A

alcohol and detergents

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2
Q

Which solution can be used to prep the eye for surgery?

A

1:50 (2%) iodine/saline solution

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3
Q

How many layers are closed in eyelid laceration repair?

A

2 layers

- deep and skin

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4
Q

How is the deep layer closed in eyelid laceration repair?

A
  • bites perpendicular to eyelid

- simple continuous

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5
Q

How is the skin closed in eyelid laceration repair?

A
  • start 4mm from eyelid margin, exit 1 mm from margin
  • figure of 8 suture pattern
  • 5/0 or 6/0 Vicryl
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6
Q

How much of the eyelid margin must a mass take up to be surgically removed?

A

over 1/3

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7
Q

What is the most common tumor or the eyelid in dogs?

A

Meibomian gland adenoma

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8
Q

What percentage of canine eyelid tumors are benign?

A

73%

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9
Q

How is an eyelid tumor removed?

A

H-shaped resection

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10
Q

What procedures can be done for eyelid resection, after a tumor has been removed?

A
  • single pedicle advancement flap
  • lip to lid flap
  • single pedicle advancement flap with conjunctival graft
  • semi-circular flap
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11
Q

When should the lip to lid flap technique be used for eyelid resection?

A

for defects of the lower lid

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12
Q

When should the single pedicle advancement flap with conjunctival graft technique be used for eyelid resection?

A

for full-thickness defects

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13
Q

When should the semi-circular flap technique be used for eyelid resection?

A

defect in the lateral commisure or upper lid area

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14
Q

What is the most common eyelid tumor of the cat?

A

squamous cell carcinoma

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15
Q

What is eyelid angenesis?

A
  • failure of eyelid to form

- skin attached directly to the globe

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16
Q

What is entropion?

A

inward turning of the eyelid

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17
Q

What are the clinical signs of entropion?

A
  • ocular discomfort and self trauma
  • epiphora
    corneal erosion, ulceration, and visual defects
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18
Q

Describe the congenital form of entropion

A
  • usually bilateral
  • lower lateral lid more common
  • patients < 6 months
19
Q

What is the cause of the acquired form of entropion?

A

associated with lid spasm due to:

  • corneal ulcers
  • KCS
  • foreign body
20
Q

What are the surgical options to treat entropion?

A
  • eyelid tacking
  • Hotz celsus
  • Modified Hotz celsus
  • Arrowhead resection
21
Q

Describe the Hotz Celsus Hemostat technique

A
  • cutting out a piece of skin to cause eversion of eyelid

- grasp skin with hemostat and leave on for 30 seconds

22
Q

Describe the Hotz Celsus Incision method

A
  • make crescent shaped incision 2 mm from margin
  • cut out the amount of tissue based on entropion severity
  • suture incision line
23
Q

When should the Modified Hotz Celsus procedure be used?

A

medial canthal entropion

24
Q

When should the arrowhead resection be used?

A

upper and lower lateral canthal entropion

25
Q

What is ectropion?

A

eversion of the eyelid

26
Q

How is ectropion treated?

A
  • no treatment needed unless clinical signs present
  • wedge resection
  • V-Y blepharoplasty
27
Q

What are common diseases of the nasolacrimal system?

A
  • puntal aplasia
  • micropunctum
  • trauma and scarring
  • KCS
28
Q

What are the clinical signs of nasolacrimal disease?

A
  • epiphora
  • periorbital alopecia and tear staining
  • conjunctivitis
29
Q

Which tests are used to diagnose nasolacrimal diseases?

A
  • Jones 1 test (eye stain)
  • Nasolacrimal flushing
  • Dacrypcystorhinography (dye)
30
Q

How is punctal aplasia treated?

A
  • inject saline into normal puncta
  • located bubble forming in occluded puncta
  • nip off the occluded membrane
31
Q

How is micropunctum treated?

A
  • with tips or iris scissors, widen the orifice of the puncta
32
Q

How is nasolacrimal trauma diagnosed and treated?

A
  • inject air into puncta and look for bubbles

- cannulate both side of laceration and leave for 3 weeks

33
Q

What are the functions of the nictitating membrane?

A
  • tear production
  • protect globe
  • remove debris from cornea
34
Q

What is everting nictitating membrane and how is it treated?

A
  • eversion of cartilage

- surgical excision

35
Q

What is prolapsed nictitating membrane?

A
  • gland flips up dorsally above leading edge

- most common disorder of 3rd eyelid

36
Q

What are the surgical options for cherry eye?

A
  • excision of membrane (not recommended)
  • orbital rim anchoring technique
  • Morgan pocket technique
37
Q

Describe the orbital rim anchoring technique

A
  • small incision in anterior conjunctiva
  • pass 4/0 suture through hole and engage periosteum
  • continue purse string around the gland and tie
38
Q

What is the most common neoplasia of the nictitating membrane?

A

squamous cell carcinoma

39
Q

Describe the subconjunctival approach of enucleation

A
  • lateral canthotomy first
  • excise 5mm eyelid margins and 3rd eyelid
  • transect extraocular muscles at level of globe
  • retract eye out of orbit
  • ligate and sever optic nerve
40
Q

Describe the subconjunctival approach of enucleation

A
  • suture eyelids together
  • incision 5mm around palpebral fissure
  • transect extraocular muscle along orbital rim
  • remove all ocular tissue
41
Q

What is traumatic proptosis?

A

sudden blow to orbit which increases IOP

- eyelid entraps posterior to globe

42
Q

When should a proptosis be enucleated?

A
  • if 2 or more rectus muscles are avulsed

- if the globe is ruptured

43
Q

How is proptosis treated?

A

manual reduction using eyelid sutures or lateral canthotomy

- then temporary tarsorrhaphy

Small Animal Surgery (26 decks)

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