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Small Animal Surgery > Dentistry > Flashcards

Dentistry Flashcards

1
Q

Define mesial

A

surface of tooth toward the midline of the dental arch

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2
Q

Define diastema

A

wider space between teeth

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3
Q

Define apical and coronal

A

apical - toward the root or away from the crown

coronal - towards the crown

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4
Q

What is gingival sulcus?

A

potential space between tooth and gingiva

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5
Q

What are the components of the periodontum?

A
  • gingiva
  • periodontal ligament
  • cementum
  • alveolar bone
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6
Q

What are the functions of the periodontal ligament?

A
  • attaches tooth to alveolus
  • absorbs shock from the impact of occlusal forces and transmits them to the alveolar bone
  • supplies nutrients and drainage
  • provides tactile and proprioceptive information
  • isolates tooth from surrounding bone
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7
Q

What happens if the periodontal ligament ossifies?

A

osteoclasts can invade the tooth and remodel it into brittle bone
- roots disappear and crown breaks off when chewing solids

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8
Q

What is problem with the parotid salivary gland papilla, and where is it located?

A
  • releases mineral rich saliva and makes tartar accumulate more quickly
  • PM 208
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9
Q

What forms the dentin, enamel, and cementum?

A

dentin - odontoblasts (throughout life)

enamel - ameloblasts

cementum - cementoblasts (throughout life)

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10
Q

What causes retained deciduous teeth?

Who is most predisposed?

A
  • caused by a failure of the primary tooth’s root to undergo resorption
  • toy breeds, also in cats
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11
Q

What is the problem caused by retained deciduous teeth?

A
  • adult canines erupt lingual to retained teeth

- cause base narrowing

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12
Q

Who is predisposed to tooth crowding?

A

bracycephalics

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13
Q

What is gemination?

A

incomplete splitting into two teeth

- two crowns, one root

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14
Q

What is “Scissors Bite”?

A
  • normal occlusion
  • maxillary incisors rostral to mandubular incisors
  • mandibular incisors contact cingulum of maxillary incisors
  • mandibular canines between lateral incisor and maxillary canine
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15
Q

What is cingulum?

A

the shelf on the palatal surface of the maxillary incisors where the mandibular incisors occlude or rest

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16
Q

Describe class 1 malocclusion

A
  • malpositioned teeth
  • jaw length normal
  • anterior/posterior cross-bite
  • base narrow canines
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17
Q

Describe class 2 malocclusion

A
  • mandibular brachygnathism

- parrot mouth, overshot

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18
Q

Describe class 3 malocclusion

A
  • mandibular prognathism

- undershot

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19
Q

What is anterior cross-bite?

A 
one or more of the maxillary incisors are displaced toward the palate
- class 1 malocclusion
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20
Q

What is posterior cross-bite?

A 
maxillary premolars are lingual to mandibular premolars or molars
- class 1 malocclusion
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21
Q

What is level bite?

A

incisor crowns meet

  • considered prognathism
  • class 3 malocclusion
  • leads to abnormal wear/attrition
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22
Q

What is wry mouth?

A

unequal arch development

  • midlines do not meet
  • mandible pulled to opposite side
23
Q

What is a dentigerous cyst?

A

fluid filled cyst surrounding the crown of an unerupted tooth
- results from persistence of portions of enamel forming epithelium

24
Q

What are the clinical signs of a dentigerous cyst?

A
  • missing teeth
  • swelling: blue hue
  • displacement of teeth
  • pain
25
Q

How is a dentigerous cyst treated?

A
  • extraction of impacted tooth
  • remove lining of cyst
  • bone graft
26
Q

What is the cause of enamel hypoplasia/hypocalification?

A
  • damage to ameloblasts during enamel development or exposure of enamel to corrosive material
  • due to high fevers, distemper, periapical inflammation, or trauma
27
Q

What is attrition?

A

pathologic wear due to contact with opposing tooth

28
Q

What is the etiology of dental caries?

A

bacteria produce organic acids that decalcify enamel and dentin in the presence of carbs

29
Q

What are the clinical signs of periapical infection?

A
  • nasal disease
  • maxillary/mandibular abscesses
  • intraoral fistula
  • retrobulbar disease
  • pathologic fracture
30
Q

What is the etiology of gingival hyperplasia?

A
  • focal: periodontal disease
  • generalized: seen in boxers
  • drugs: cyclosporine, Ca channel blockers, anticonvulsants
31
Q

What is the treatment for uncomplicated and enamel fractures?

A
  • indirect pulp capping

- crown restoration

32
Q

What is the treatment for complicated fractures?

A
  • vital pulpotomy or root canal

- crown restoration or tooth extraction

33
Q

What is the objective of a vital pulpotomy?

A

to maintain viable tooth that will continue to mature

34
Q

What is the objective of a complete root canal?

A
  • complete removal of pulp contents

- seal apex to prevent bacteria from escaping

35
Q

What are the five stages of tooth resorption?

A
  • Stage 1: mild hard tissue loss
  • Stage 2: moderate hard tissue loss
  • Stage 3: deep hard tissue loss
  • Stage 4 - extensive hard tissue loss
  • Stage 5 - majority of tooth has been resorbed
36
Q

What are the clinical signs associated with tooth resorption?

A
  • inflammation and pain when lesions extend coronally
  • localized hyperplasic/hyperemic gingiva
  • pain: dropping food, anorexia, chattering
37
Q

What are the clinical signs of gingivostomatitis?

A
  • pytalism, halitosis, dysphagia, anorexia, weight loss
  • marginal gingitivitis
  • inflammation
38
Q

What is the treatment for gingivostomatitis?

A

tooth extraction

39
Q

What are the clinical signs of canine ulcerative paradental stomatitis?

A
  • halitosis
  • pytalism
  • anorexia
  • “kissing” leisons
40
Q

What are the clinical signs of eosinophilic granuloma?

A
  • skin lesions: ulcerations, linear granulomas

- oral lesions: lip ulceration, hard palate erosion

41
Q

What are the indications for a glossectomy?

A
  • trauma
  • neoplasia
  • macroglossia
42
Q

What is an acquired pellicle?

A

a thin layer of salivary proteins on the surface of the tooth to which bacteria attach

43
Q

What is the pathology associated with periodontitis?

A
  • irreversible
  • gingival recession
  • destruction of periodontal ligament
  • bone loss
  • mobility
44
Q

What are the clinical signs of periodontal disease?

A
  • halitosis
  • accumulation of plaque and tartar
  • inflammed or bleed gingiva
  • loose teeth
  • excessive salivation
45
Q

Describe stage 1 of periodontal disease

A

Gingivitis

  • erythema
  • bleeding of gingiva when probed
  • loss of stipling
  • reversible
46
Q

Describe stage 2 of periodontal disease

A

Early periodontitis

  • bleeding of gingiva when probed
  • minor pockets
  • normal to hyperplastic gingiva
  • +/- minimal bone loss
  • controllable, but not completely reversible
47
Q

Describe stage 3 of periodontal disease

A

Moderate periodontitis

  • gingival hyperplasia +/- recession
  • moderate to deep pockets
  • 25-50% bone loss
  • slight to moderate mobility
48
Q

Describe stage 4 of periodontal disease

A

Advanced periodontitis

  • gingival recession, furcation exposure
  • deep pockets
  • > 50% bone loss
  • tooth mobility
  • horizontal and vertical bone loss
49
Q

What is feline buccal bone expansion?

A

an expression of vertical pocket formation filled with granulation tissue and osteitis

50
Q

What is the #1 preventative method of periodontal disease?

A

mechanical abrasion

51
Q

What are the indications for exodontics?

A
  • retained deciduous teeth
  • severe periodontal disease
  • non-vital teeth or fractured crown with root exposure
  • teeth undergoing absorption
  • malocclusion
  • supernumerary teeth
  • impacted teeth
52
Q

When is surgical extraction of teeth indicated?

A
  • teeth with healthy root structure
  • impacted teeth
  • decreased teeth where complications are a major risk
53
Q

What are the possible causes of an oronasal fistula?

A
  • dental disease and extractions
  • pressure necrosis from foreign body
  • complication of surgery
  • trauma

Small Animal Surgery (26 decks)

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