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Small Animal Surgery > Ear Surgery > Flashcards

Ear Surgery Flashcards

1
Q

What is an auricular hematoma?

A

rupture of the blood vessels within the cartilage of the ear flap causing accumulation of blood

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2
Q

What is the number one cause of an auricular hematoma?

A

otitis externa

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3
Q

When is non-surgical therapy preferred for auricular hematoma?

A
  • recent and fluctant hematomas
  • smaller hematomas
  • easy to drain
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4
Q

How is an auricular hematoma treated non-surgically?

A
  • aspiration alone
  • with IV dexamethasone
  • with local dex infusion
  • with local methyl prednisolone
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5
Q

How can auricular hematomas be treated surgically?

A
  • penrose drain
  • larson teat cannula
  • butterfly catheter drain
  • incisional drainage
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6
Q

Describe the Penrose drain

A
  • passive drain
  • fluid drains around the drain
  • entrance and exit holes
  • leave in for 7-10 days
  • encourages inflammation and therefore adhesions
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7
Q

Describe the Larson teat cannula

A
  • passive drain
  • fenestrated cannula
  • make incision into hematoma, drain, place cannula, and suture in place
  • promotes drainage and formation of adhesions
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8
Q

Describe the butterfly catheter drain

A
  • active drain
  • cut off end of catheter
  • fenestrate the area that will be inserted in the hematoma
  • make a defect in the hematoma, drain, and insert catheter
  • secure catheter, and place other end in a vacutainer
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9
Q

How is a pinna laceration that is one skin surface deep, treated?

A

2nd intention or suture

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10
Q

How is a pinna laceration that is two skin surfaces/cartilage deep, treated?

A
  • primary closure

- vertical mattress sutures

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11
Q

How is a laceration of the ear tip treated?

A

superficial partial pinnectomy

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12
Q

How is a squamous cell carcinoma of the ear treated?

A

pinnectomy +/- vertical ear canal ablation

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13
Q

What are the primary causes of otitis externa?

A
  • parasites
  • foreign body
  • hypersensitivities
  • keratinization disorders
  • autoimmune
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14
Q

What are predisposing factors to otitis externa?

A
  • pendulous ears
  • narrow canals
  • excessive hair
  • excessive cerumen
  • chronic ear moisture
  • inappropriate antibiotics
  • polyps or tumors
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15
Q

Which surgical procedures are used for otitis externa?

A
  • lateral ear canal resection
  • vertical ear canal resection
  • total ear canal ablation with lateral bulla osteotomy
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16
Q

What are the indications for a lateral ear canal resection?

A
  • when a tumor involves the tragus or lateral wall of the vertical canal
17
Q

Describe the lateral ear canal resection procedure

A
  • make two parallel incisions along the ear canal
  • bluntly dissect around the lateral portion of the canal
  • create a skin flap, attached to the tragus
  • remove lateral section of ear canal
  • remove proximal 2/3 of flap
  • suture epithelium and cartilage to skin
18
Q

Which procedure is contraindicated in Cocker Spaniels?

A

lateral ear canal resection

19
Q

What are the indications for a vertical ear canal resection?

A
  • hyperplastic otitis involving vertical canal only
  • neoplasia involving vertical canal only
  • trauma
20
Q

Describe the vertical ear canal resection procedure

A
  • removal of entire vertical canal

- T-shaped incision down middle or ear canal and level of tragus

21
Q

What are the indications for a total ear canal ablation with lateral bulla osteotomy?

A
  • ceruminous gland adenocarcinoma
  • extensiv benign otitis
  • failed lateral ear canal resection
  • middle ear disease
22
Q

Which is the best diagnostic procedure for detecting middle ear disease?

A

MRI

23
Q

When is surgical management indicated for middle ear disease?

A
  • severe canal stenosis
  • tympanic bulla infection
  • failure of medical management
  • significant neurological signs
24
Q

What surgical procedures are used to treat middle ear disease?

A
  • total ear canal ablation

- bulla osteotomy

25
Q

What are possible complications from middle ear surgery?

A
  • nerve damage (Horner’s or facial nerve paralysis)
  • hearing loss/damage
  • hemorrhage (damage to retroglenoid vein)
  • dehiscence
  • infection/draining
26
Q

Which surgical procedures are done in cats with middle ear disease?

A
  • ventral bulla osteotomy

- lateral bulla osteotomy with TECA

27
Q

What are middle ear polyps?

A

non-neoplastic polyps that developed from inflammatory and epithelial cells

28
Q

What are the sites of origin or middle ear polyps?

A
  • tympanic bulla
  • auditory tube
  • nasopharynx
29
Q

How are middle ear polyps managed?

A
  • traction extraction

- ventral bulla osteotomy

Small Animal Surgery (26 decks)

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