operational II Flashcards
what makes COA
a product of JOPES
what is a COA
scheme adopted to accomplish a joint mission
“cover”
conceal yourself
coxswain
in charge o small craft. often functions as helmsman
depression in the earth made by explosion
crator
creeping barrage
fire of all units remain in the same relative position which advances in 1 step line at the same time
fire line moves forward in step
creeping barage
CrM
crisis mangment
ritical asset
so essentially and of extrordinary imprtance that is incapacitiation would have debilitating effect on nation to continue to function effectively
critical capacity
crucial enabler for COG to function
critical item
esential item which is in short supply or extected to be.
essential resource which isn in short supply
critical item
criticality assessment
identify key assets and infrastructure to support critical ops/action of DOD
*looks at cost of recovery/reconstitution (time, money, culpability, infrastructure)
major turning point/change in direction of an opeation
critical point
critical mass
minimum amount of fissionable material capable of supporting a chain reaction under precise conditions
minimum amount of fissionable material capable fo supporting a chain reaction under precise conditions
critical mass
countermine
to explode the main charge of a mine by the shock of a nearby mine or independent explosive charge
counteroffense
large scale offense taken undertaken by the defense to seize the intitivative by teh attacking ofrce
reaction
countermove
decrease WMD
counterproliferation
counterpreparation fire
intensive prearranged fire deliverd when imminent of the enemy attck is discoverd
*designated to back up enemy force and destroy the ir C2
secret challenge and resopnse
countersign
senior in-country leader on behalf of US. leads diplomatic mission
country team
coup de main
offensive operation that capitalizes on suprises and simultaenous execution fo supporting operatiosn to achieve success in stift
courier
messenger who is responsible for secret physical/delivery
intended direction of movement in the horizontal plane
course
coordinated fire line
line beyond which conventional/direct surface fire support mews may fire at any time within boundaries of established HQ w/o additional coordination
purpose of coordinated fire line
expedited surface to surface targets beyond the coordinated fire line w/o coordination w/the ground commander in whose area targets are located
corner reflector (radar0
ohject that, by means of multipl.e reflectors, a smooth surface, provides a radar return of greater magnitude might be experienced from teh physical sisze of hte objective
cost plus fixe fee contract
negotiated fee doesn’t vary but actual cost adjusted as a result of changes in scope of work/services
counterair
mission offense/defense and attain/maintain a desired design of air supremacy
fire intended to destory/neutralize enemy fire
coutnerfire
examples of counterintelligence
espoinoage, sabotage
COIN
counterinsurgency
CIOTA
counterintel op task authorities
level Ci specific to milops
production of coutnerI
analyze all-source information concerning espionage r/t threats
countermeasures
mil science that, by the employme nt of devices and/or techniquest ahs its objecive top oeprationsending
sending marines onshore
amphib assault
breaching/raid
swift incursion by the marines
breach/raid
ADZ
amphibious defense zone
*area encompassing the amphib objective area the adjourning airspace required by accompanying naval forces for the purpose of air defense
amphib demonstration
deceive the enemy by a show ofr force w/the expectation of deluding the enemy into following an unfavorable COA
PHIBOP
amphibous ope
* lnding force op within littorals
PHIBRON
amphib squadron
amphib squadron
PHIBRON
ATF
amphibious task force
antisub warfare
op w/intervention to deny enemy effective use of submarines
analysis & production (intel)
conversion of processed info into intel via integration, eval, analysis, and interpretaation of all service data and prepare intel production in support of known/anticipated user requirements
approach schedule (amphib ops)
schedule if time of departure for each wave
apron
defined area on an airfield intended ot accommmodate aircraft for purpose of laodign/unloading passengers or cargo, refueling, parking, or maintence
area of inflence
geo area when commander is directly capable of influencing ops by maneuver or fire support systems normal under commander’s C2
4 areas of___
opeation
influence
interest
responsibility
two countries agree to control weapons
arms control
visual reconnaissance of limited/defined area
area search
arming weapon changing from a safe condition to a condition of readiness for initiation
arming
assault (amphib ops)
period of time between arrival of the major assault force (ATF) in teh area of objective
AFOE
assault follow on echelon
amphib ops
vehicle/logistics/resources not needed initially for assault but are needed later to support
vehicles/logistics/resources not needed initially for assault but are needed later to support
AFOE = assault follow on echelon
“sure we need scientists in academia but….”
also ned the min industry, gov, journalism, law, policy…
call up spot reports of UA
- location of threat
- est. time on site
- flight characteristics (loiter, hover, direction)
asset validation (intel)
the process used to determine the asset authenticity, reliability, vitilityk, suitability, degree of control
aka audience
stakeholders
last position occupied by the assault echelon before crossing the line of departure
attakc position
attack heading
inteceptor heading udirng hte attack phase that will achieve the desired track-crosing
A&N ops
“attack the network” ops
actions/ops against networks condutted continuously and simultaneously
*all levels (strategic/op/tactical) that capitalize on or crate key vulnerabilities and disrupt activiteis to eliminate the enemy’s ability to fucntion in order to establish success of the
security emasures to protect a communication system agaisnt fraud and verified right to acess
authentication
autonomous op (air defense)
mode of op assumed by a unit when it loses all communication w/higher eschelon force the unit commander to ass full responsibility for control fo wapons/engage hostile targeets
ALD
available to lode date
*time phaed force and deployment data when that unti will be ready to load at the point of emarkation
axis of advance
line of advance assigned for the purpose of central (often roads) or a designated series of locaitons extending in the direction of hteenemy
using reservists to replace deployed AD
backfill
ballistic missles
any missle that doesn’t rely on aerodynamic surface to produce life and consequently fall s in ballistic trajectory when trust is terminated
BDA
battle damage assessment
basic encyclopedia
compoliton of identified installations and pysical area of potential significance as objects of attack
base cluster
collection of bases geographically group for mutual protection and ease of C2
beachehead
designated area on hostile shore that, when seized and held, ensures the continuosu landign of trrops/materials and provides maneuvger space for subsequent projected
ship publication listing op/admin porcedures
bill
how do blood agents work
prevents normal tissue use of oxygen
od chit
small sheep of paper of US flag and message in several languages that promises the assisting the bearing to safety will be rewarded
bona fides (personnel recovery)
communication to establish a person is who they say they are if both people are unknown
*
communication to establish a person who is unknown to each other
bona fides (personnel recovery)
bottom mine
mine w/negative buoyance that remains on seabed
brevity code
code word which provides no security that srves the sole purpose of shortening messages not conceealing intent
browken stowage
space lost on the hold of a vessel b/c of the contour of the ship, dunnage, ladder, stanchions, and shape of the cargo
peace zone w/o hostilies
buvver zone
ache
source of subsidence/supplies packaged to protect from exposure and hidden to support isolated personnel
canalize
to restric tops to a narrow zone use of existing or reinforcing obstacles
CWG
carrier air wing
CSG
carrier strike group
carrier control zone
extends 5 miles horizontal from carier extending up unless otherwise designated for ops
causeway
craft similar in design ot a barage but longer and narrower designed in the discharge an transport of cargo
C-day
unnamed day on which a deployed op commences or is to commence
unnamed day upon which an operation will commence
C-day
cell
subordinate org formed around a specific process, capability, or activity within a larger org
COG
source of power that provides moral/physical strength, freedom of action
centralized control
high up coordinates, plans, directs
chaff
radar confusion, reflections consists of the narrow metallic strips of varius lengths and frequency which are usd to reflect echos for conusions
can enter contracts on behalf of the USG
contracting officer
contracting officer
can enter contracts on behalf of the US mil under provisions of the Federal Acquisitions regulations
controlled passing
2 lanes of traffic traveling in opposite directions can transverse alternatively in a lane that only accommodates one at a time
optimization of contain ship space
open top, refirg, tanks, open rack, gondala, flattrack, other design
contingency operations
JOPES planining activities
CORE
contingency response program
additional # added to zip code
to assit w/routing and sorting
COOP
continuity of operations
how to stop continuous fire temporarily
“check fire”
“cease loading”
contour interval
difference in elevation between 2 adjacent
lines connect areas of similar elevation
10 classes of supplies
- MWR
- equip
- petroleum/oil/lube
- construction material
- amunitoin
- personal items
- major end items (radar…)
- medical
- repair parts for equip managemnt
- nonstandard items like agriculture….
intent to assure seucirty an concelament
clandestine
definition of close range ballistic misses
land based. up to 300nm
close air support
air action against hostile that are in close proximity to friendly forcuses
establishes CCDR
combatant commander
colored beach
portion of usuable coastline sufficient for assault landing
collective posture
current state of collection assets and reosurces to satisfy identified info requests
total means of disruptive/destruction against an oppontent at a given time
combat power
allies operation
combined
C2
exercise o authority and irection by a properly designed commander over assigned anforces and acocmplished mission
CATF
commander amphib task force
commander’s communication sync
process to coordinate and synch narratives themes, messages, images ops, and actions to ensure their integrity and consistency to the lowest tactical level across all relevant commi9nication activities
commander’s estimate
CDR initial assessment in which options are provided in consise statement that defines 5WH COA will be
CDR intent
clear and concise expression of the purpose of operation and desired mil end state, focus staff and helps staff achieve the CDR’s desired results even when op doesn’t unfold as planned
process of assigning troops
commit
CTP
common tactical problem
CTP
common tactical picture
COP
common op picture
COMINT
communications intelligence
public affairs to foster relationships
community engagement
component
one ofhte subordinat orgs that constitute
CONOPS
clear an concisevely expetrresses what CDR intends to accomplish and how to do iwth w/available reoucrces
condition
variables of the OE/situation that may affect performance
compromise
exposing clandestine assets to unauthorized
exposing clandestine assets to unauthroized
compromise
CNA
computwer network attack
protect from destruction or surveilalnce
concealmentcondensation cloud
mist/fog of water droplets that temp surround a forcibly following a nuclear attack in a comparatively humid atmosphere
“cloud chamber effect”
condensation cloud
when is an item said to be “confirmed”
when it is reported for a second time, preferably by a second independent source whole reliability is considered when confirming information
confusion agent
individual dispatched by the sponsor for the purpose of confounding the enemy rather than to collect/transmit information
ability to exchange information by electronic means
connectivity
contract by which a commercial ship is chartered by mil sealift command for a specific voyage
consecutive voyage charter
consequence management
actions takento maintain/restor essential services an dmanage/mitigate problems resulting from disaster
consol
constorls/indicatos/equip to moniotr readiness/control speffic funcitons of a system
GPS
24 satellites distributed in 6 orbital planes
requirement placecd on command by a higher up that dictates an action that restricts freedom of action
constrint
consumer logistics
prduction, store, inspect, distribute, trnasport, maintain (repari/servieable), dispoal as wall as aprovision fon suppeort and serive
stop/hold/surround the enemy and keep them from withdrawing
contain
aver average quantity of an item used during a given time
consumption rate
what happens in the processing/exploitation step of the Intellgience Cycle
turn raw data into usuable informatino
key of intelligence integration
deliver high quality intel to the right people at the right time
TIDE database
Terrorist Identifies Detacment Enviornmetn
NIE
National INtellgience Estimates
- IC most authorative unwritten assessments on national security issues
- produced by the natoinal Itnellgie nce Council
largest producer of all-source intel
CIA
HQ of CIA
McLean, VA
aka Director of CIA
National Human INtelligence Manager
CIA
largest producer of all-source national security intellgience for .
- analysis on oversea developmebnts
national Clandestine Service
collects HUMNINT not obtainable via other means
- ccovert ops per preident authorization in supprot of US policy goals
intelligence from publically avaibale sources
open source OSINT.
Cerebro is a powerful search engine for lcassified data
IA
information assurance
part of National Reconaissance Office
has DOD and CIA reps
-SIGNINT and GEOINT
Defense Intelligence Agency
foreign militayr intel for policy/mil
- Joint Base Anacostia-Bowling DC
where si the Center for Medical Intelligene
Frederick, VA
DTRA
Defense Threat Reduction Agency
JTTF
Joint Terrorism Task Force
- established by FBI to conduct ops to predict/disrupt terror plots
Ben Franklyin spy
gathered intel and distributed propaganda
role of Dep of State
lead diplomacy and foreign policy
oversees FBI
FBI falls under DOJ
has low enforcement pwoers
intelligence and Coast Guard
DEXCOM
Deputy Executive COmmisttee
what CAN intelligence doe
situational awareness
insight into causes/consequences
warn of threats and opportunities
inform travelers of security threats
what can’t intelligence do
predict with certainty
- money, tech, denial to access, and priorities competing for budget/personal…
IPPBE
intellgience planning, programming, budgets, evaluation
Harried Tubman funeral
Harriet Tubman got full m ilitary honors in 1913 b/c tapped by Union to spy. disregarded poor form wife. reported to Union CDR .
Natinal Intelligence Priorities Framework
DNI guide tot he intellgience community ont eh national intelligence priorities approved by the president
gray literature
open-sourced material available for a specific audience like academic report
COMINT
communcations intel. tracks communications policies/protocls
FISINT
foreign instrument signals. from electromagnetic emissions associated with tests
ELINT
electronic intelligence
- info from nonspeech/text (b/c that would be COMINT)).
like radar signals
synthesizes raw data into useable intelligence material
processing and exploitation
alternative job of Julia Child
worked for a forerunner to the CIA
- helped devleop a shark repellant to keep them off of underwater exposions and processed highly classified info
what do they actually mean when the intelligence community says “unlikely”
does NOT intend to mean that it could never happen
estimative intelligence
projections
warning intelligence
sounds alarm and implies urgent need to respond w/policy actions (coup/refuges/war)
access to classified info if…
favorable eligibility, has a need to know, signed NDA
info not eligble for classification
restrain competition,
prevent embarassment to a person/org/agency,
Conceal violations of law, inefficiency,
prevent/delay release of info that doesn’ trequire predtection in teh interst of national security
types of classified information
TS- exceptionally grave danger
S- serious damage
C- expected to cause damage to national security
at the time the material is classified TS/S/C…
there must be a date it become sunclassified,
no ino can be classified indefineity
10-25 yrs from date or can exist up to 25a de…
intelligence released to public
may have redactions
often the most sensitive information in an intellgience report
identification of the source
0 less specific is more likely to be approved for release or with redaction
factors to consider regarding release of intelligence to public
impact of information released,
sensitivity/vulnerability of the source/method,
uniqueness/traceability,
effect on external relationships
PIAB
President Intellgience Advisory board
- advises president on availability/adequacy of intellgienc collection.
- independent of the intelligence community/IC management/opeation and can objectively rednder opins
Intelligence Oversight Board
Committee of the PIAB (predient intellgience advisory board that advises the prez intel acivities are unlawful, contracy to executive order, or not b eing adequaty addressed
Office of the IG
independent investigations, inspectinos, and audits of intelligence programs
- to deter fraud/wase/abuse/misconduct
and promote
integrity, economy, effectivency, efficiency
what did James Clappe say was the best intel work he has seen in his career
James Clapper, director of NGA, says that Hurricane Katrina in 2005 was the best work by an intel agency he has seen in his 42 years in the intel business
analysis
process by which the information becomes intelligence
ID facts, makes judgmetns,
authorized to use intellgience
consumer
actionable
informat directly useful to customers to exploit w/o requirign full ingellgience production cycel
fusion center
collaborate agency to give resources/expert info to a . goal isto make ability to detect/prevent/investigate criminal/terror activty
FOIA
1966
gives any person teh right to enforceabel in court to access federal agency rcords except those protected from disclosure b/c meets criteria
SLTT
state local tribune terirtorial
OIG
office of hte IG
NSPD
national security presidentiy directive
SSCI
senate select commion on intelligence
UIS
Unifying Intelligence Strategy
has a framework
USD(I)
undersecreatry for defense fo rintellgience
GMII
global maritime intelligence integration
DIAC
defense intelligence analysis center
CIKR
clinical infrastructure and key reosurces
included in the Covid 19 Relief Bill
included a provision require gov agencies to release files on UFO
Project Minaret
NSA had a watch list of anti-Vietnam war.
- muhammad Ali, MLK jr,
CIA IG report said “enhanced” interrogation methods used on AlQ
theory
statement to explain a group of facts, phemenon
-widely tested and can make a prediction about natural phemenon
grounded theory
systematic approach to inquiry w/key strategies for conducting inquireis
- generoy thoery of process, action…
purpose of GT: to develop/porudce a theory based on the data collected during a research project
game theory
mathematical method of decisions-making in which a specific situation is analyzed to determine best COA in defend/attack scenario
rational choice thoery
assumes individual/entity has preferable choice. different alternatives and acts on their own best interest
- example, what would it take to denuke NK. NK prefers to keep a nuke arsenal even w/crippling sanctions
rational choice theory
consider validity, rationality, value assessment, risk adverse
what is an argumetn
an argument has a conclusion justified by a set of premises
Tony Blair
UK PM 97-07
resigned then appointed special envoys on teh
PM Tony Blair and George Bush accused of…
accused of purposefully distorting intelligence information in order to justify their decisions to make the War on Iraq in 2003`
emergence contribution to the study of international relations
intelligence is an emerging contribution to the study of international relations
wpistemological
r/t theory of knowledge especially w/regard to the methods, validity , and scope. the distinction between justified beliefs and opinions
researching our questions
while our goals of researching is to be able to answer a research question in a relatable manner, we also need to be able to answer a research question w/o confirming our biases
what is often the mission dimension of international affairs
intelligence
intelligenc
process of gathering analyzing and making use of information
historiography
study fo writing of hix and ofwriten histories
secret informatin
covert action
“inter alia”
among other things
“the study includes, inter alia, computers, aircraft, and pharmeceuticals”
intelligence and power
intelligence is not a form of power but is a means to gide its use. combatant multiplier, helping understanding options and other one’s operations, how to apply force or leverage
intelligence ofthe BRits
M15
3 ways to approach intelligence in terms of distinct objectives
- relationship between organizational structure and policy makers to acquire new information in order to explain specific decision made by points
- follow decisions as they move up the chain to decisions
establish models that explain teh successes/failure siwhtin ingeligence processes - role of preconceptions and underlying assuptions in conditions the way intellgience is analyzed and used
_ political function as a means of state control
0 ID/analyzes personal /poltiical/institutional biases that charactize intellgience organizatinos, andaffect the perofrmance
secret political organization dedicated to the establishment of a independent Irish Republic
Fenian Brother hood
historian use of the British archives
the British archives are a highly manipulated source of evidenc eof historians
- so caution agaisnt their official records b/c “analog of reality”
secret service and the general public
western gov and Iraw
the Western gov amped up claism to mislead the public about Iraw wmd
Clausewitz statement about knoweldge of the enemy…
said knowlege of hte enemy and his country was the foundation of all oru ideas.. much of knowledge affects in war
concept explored in The Prince
Machevellian = strategic decpetion
- thought faud in other activities be detestabel int eh management of war it is laudable and glorious. he who overcome son teheemy b/c fraud as much as to …
ontology
philosophical study of being .
proselytize
convert or attempt to convert someone from one religion/belief/option to another
converts someone from one belief or opinion to another
proselytize
Iraq Dossier
Brit/Tony Blair
- said Iraw coudl deploy WMD iwithin 45min of decision to do so.
0
Aldrich Ames
CIA turned KGB double agent.
convicted for life in 1994
compromised the most highly classified doc in CIA hx until Robert Hasson in 2001
Robert Hanssen
FBI who spied for USSR/Russian from 1979/2001
DOJ called it the “worst inteligence disaster in US hx”
DOJ called it the “worst intelligence disaster in US hx”
Robert Hanssen (spied for Soviet/Russia from 1979-2001)
prior worst was Aldrich Ames
James Woolsey
headed CIA from 1993-1995
helped with treaty negotiations with USSR for 5 yrs in 1980s
Michael Cohen
attoney for Trump from 2006-2018
VP of Trump ORg = his “fixer”
sued trump in 2019 for failure to pay legal fees
pled guilty to: campaign finance violations, tax farud, bank fraud
violated campiagn finance laws a Trump direction fo the principle purpose of inluencing th election
convictions of Michael cohen
fraud, perjury,
- 5 counts tax evasion
1 count of willfully causing an unlawful corpoprate contribution
1 count of making an excessive campaign contribution at the request of a candidate or campaign
1 count of false statement to a congressional comittee
1
expansion of the field of intelligence
intelligence is expanding into new fields like humanitarian, journalism, international relations
long-term intel problems
entrenched positions and intel
the discipline of intelligence
intelligence is a craft where key assumptions should be constantly questioned
verisimilitude
ver-i-si-mil-i-tude
the appearence of being true or real
- a theory’s capacity to accurately describe reality compared to alternative
PFIAB
President Foreign Intelligency Agency
analogous
similar/comparable to something else in a way that invites comparision
antithetical
exactly the opposite
rapprochement
reestablishment of cordial relations between two countries
reestablishment of cordial relations between 2 countries
rapprochement
ERP
enterprise reserach planning
reserach
fills gaps
replicates previous
expands
impact of research
contributes to a body of knowledge,
establishes casual relationships<>
evaluate efficiency of an approach,
impact element of time (longitudinal studies),
depth of positive/negative,
establish methods to crate a problem,
develop constructs from a pool of observative regards the causes of via factor analysis,
develop a predictive modal
coeval
having the same age or date or orgin
movie that ends
“They’ll print it”
“How do you know”
Three Days of the Condor
- CIA man (Robert Redford) returns from lunch to find his staffers dead
Three Days of the Condor
CIA Man (Robert Redford) returns from lunch to find his coworkers dead
fictional representation…
thrives on plausibly implasusible
“How Hollywood depicts intelligence services”
“I’ll know it when I see it”
SC Justice definition of obscenity
definition of obscenity
“I’ll know it when I see it”
what drives a scientist
a scientist is driven by an inner desire to udnerstand “why something is as it is”
needed for research to be valuable
no value in resrch w/o first idnetifying why teh research has to be done
most important part of research
the adequarte statemetn of hte research problem is one of the most improtant parts of research
metaphysical
philosophy that examines basic reality
Stasi
Ministry for State Security (Stasi) state secret service/secret police of East Germany from 1950-1990
staying or expressing teh same thing twice over in differnet words
tautological
official secret police of Nazi Germany
Gestapo created by Hermann Goring in 1993
predilection
pre-di-lec-tion
preference or special liking for something. a bias in favor of something
french spy incorrectly convicted
Dreyfus affiar
interests of a particular community/politics will not…
wrote James Bond novels
Ian Flemming
non-James bond novel by Ian Flemming
CHitty Chitty Bang Bang
first James Bond novel
Casino Royale
first James Bond Film
Dr no
first actor to play James Bond
Sean Connery in Dr No
Sean Connery as James Bond
first Bond
DR No
From Russia with Loe
Goldfinger
thunderball
YOu only live twice
dismonds are forever
never say never
Roger Moore as James Bond
Live and LEt die
the man with the golden gun
the spy who loved me
moonraker
for your eyes obnly
octopussy
a view to kill
Pierce Brosman as James Bond
Golden eye
tomorrow never dies
the world is not enough
die another day
Daniel Craig as James Bond
2005-2021
Casino Royale
Quantum of Solace
Skyfall
Spectre
No die to die
Tom Clancy
Jack Ryan
Hunt for REd October
Patriot Games
Clear and Present Danger
The SUm of all Fears
played Jack Ryan
Alec Baldwin
Harrison Ford
Ben Affleck
Chris Pine
John Kransinski
ethics in intelligenc
ethics shoud be recognized a a factor of in intelligence jhust as in everything else
