Operational Flashcards
what is a military engagement considered
-4 things accomplished
military engagemnet is routine contact/interaction
- share information
- build trust/confidence
- maintain influence
- coordinate mutual activities
what do security actions seek to do
security actions seek to reassure rather than compel
what do security actions require
a visible and enduring presence
security force assistance
-4 provided
enhances teh capabilities/capacity of a partner nation w/training, equipment, advice, assistance
examples of Relief/Reconstruction activities
stability oeprations
civil support
what influences JFC effectiveness
the responsiveness & versatility of joint ops is directly r/t how the JFC organizes teh forces
how does the President & SecDef exercise authoritive direction and control of the Armed FOrces
via 2 branches of C2
- via JOint Chiefs to COmbatant Commanders
- to the Secretaries of each service
who is responsible for the administration/support of the branches
Secretaries of the MIlitary Depts
who is responsible for administraiton, trianing, readiness of their unit
Commanders fo the forces are responsible to their respective chiefs for admin/training/readiness of their units
who has operational responsibiliteis
combatant commanders
role of the COCOM
provide fully authority for CCDR to perform those functions of command over forceses necessaryto accomplish teh missions assigned to the command
OPCON
command authority thaty may be exercised by commanders at any eschelon at or below the level of CCMD. may be delgated
one organization aids/supports/protects/complements/sustains another forcer
support relationship
support relationship
aids/supports/protects, complements, sustains another force
TACON
authoirty over assigned or attached forces of command/militayr cabiliyt or foces
unique to CCDR
plan, program, buidget, executre process input
- assignment of subordinat commanders
- relationships w/DOD agencies,,
- directive authority for logistics
who assigns subordinant commanders
CCDR
command
authoriy that a commander has to lawfully exercis eover subordinats by virtue of rank or assignment
4 things commaders use to accomplish a mission
organization
direction
coordination
control
role of JFC
provide clear intent timely communication rpovide information delegation authoriyt Transfer forces and other capabacities organize staff
Unified COmbatant COmmand
geographic & fucntional
*pacific, africa, europe, central, northern, sourthern
special, ops, transportation, strategic
Joint Task Force
limited/specific mission,, doesn’t need overall centralized control over logistics
Joint FOrce Command ORganization
unified CCMDjoint task force
subordinatn unified command
aka combatant command
CCMD
National Military Command System
means by which the president/secdef receieve warnings & intelligence so that accurate and timely decisions can be made
*mil resources can be applied, missions assigned, directions to CCDM
means by which the president & SecDef receive warnings & intelligence so accurate & timely decisions can be made
National Military Command System
what does the Nuclear Command & Command System integrate
integrated tactical warnings & attack assessment
Defense Continuity Program
integrated program composed of all DOD policies, plans, procedures, assessments, and resources taht ensures continuity of its component mission=essentail functions under all circumstances including crisis/attack/recovery/reconstitution
difference between roles & functions
roles = broad & enduring purposes for which services and CCMD were established
functions = assigned duties, responsibilities, missions, task
what is composed within DOD
Office of SecDef military departments Joint Chiefs of STaff INspector General of DOD DOD agencies/buriesa
role of Chairman of Joint Chiefs of Staff
principle military advisor to president, SEcDef, National Security COuncil, Homeland Security Council
principle military advisor to the president
Chairman of the JOint CHiefs of Staff
role of Joint Chiefs of Staff
develops joint strategic review
joint strategic capabilities paln
global plans
Global Force Managemtn
members of Joint Chiefs of Staff
Navy = CNO
Marines = COmmandant of Marine Corp
Chief of Staff = Army., air FOrce
role of geographic CCMD
missions within their AOR *strategic estimates *theatre campaign plan theatre security cooperations OPLAN OPORD, joint strategyq
naming geographic CCMD
US___COM
USPACOM
3 functional CCMD
special ops
strategic
trnaportaiton
role of USSTRATCOM
Strategic Command
- supports the national objectives stratgic deterrance
- provides integrated global strike plan
- synch planning cor global missile defense
- plans, coordiantes, integrates ISR & operations that cross the AOR or that directly support national objectives
- synchronize plannign for wMD/space/cybver ops
awareness when you are in a joint enviornment
how other services have different ways to opearate, communicate, interact, make decisions, approach taks
centralized v. centralized approach (different military branches)
centralized versus decentralized
land-based forces (Army/Air Force) typically have a midnset of centralized control to higher HQ while sea-based forces (Navy/Mariens/Coast Gard) have a more decentralized minset that is a carry-over from ships operating at sea with limited ability to communicate w/HQ
size & capacity versus speed/flexibility approaches (different militayr branches)
army is the oldest and seeped in their traditions so it has extensive logistical/support established. Marines are more focused on teh individual and focused on minimal non-combatant infrastructure and quick responsiveness
generalized versus specified enlisted (different military branches)
Navy and Air Force are accustomed to working w/enlisted who are specilized technizians so many approach staff work with more of a managerial perspective than others
difference in how the Army versus Marines work
Army is more likely to focus on size and capacity while the Marines focus on speed and flexibility
principles to guide force and program development
resist maintain diffentiate sustain reduce examin retain
J7
operation plans and joint force development
J8
force structure, rsources, assessment
SOF
special opeations forces
operation that toppled alQ and destroyed Taliban in Afghanistan
Operation Enduring Freedom
Operation Enduring Freedom
toppled alQ
destoryed Taliban in Afghanistan
Operation Anaconda
good exmple of a complex joint effort that was a success
*designed to root out enemy Taliban/alQ forces
Operation Restore Hope
Somalia. example of a humanitarian assistance case that was extremelty dangerous and required combat troops to complete the mission
operation in Somalia
Operation Restore HOpe
Operation Odyssey Dawn
Libya
operation in Libya
Operation Odyssee dawn
what is a military operation
set of actions intended to accomplish the tasks/mission
stability operations
various military missions/tasks/activities conducted outside the US in coordination w/other instruments of national power to
- maintain/reestablish a safee/secure enviornemnt
- provide essential government services, emergency infrastructure humanitarian reliuef
civil support
DOD support to US civil authorities for domestic emergencies and for designated law enforcement/other activities
DOD support to US civilian agencies for domestic emergencies
civil support
who does the US military typically work with during humanitarian crisis
State Department
USAID
HN
DOD activities supporting actions outside of US/territories
Foreign Humanitarian Assistance
*DOD acitivies supporting USAID/DepofS condcuted outside of hte US and its territories to relieve/reduce human suffering/distres/hunger/privations
purpose of Foreign Humanitarian Assistance
DOD activities conducted outside of US/territories to relieve/reduce human suffering/distress/hunger/privation
antiterrorism versus counterrterrorism
Anti = defense measures takent o reduce vulnerability to terrorists (defense) Counter = offensive actions taken direclty against terrorisms
antiterrorism
defensive measures taken to reduce vulnerability to terrorists
counterterrorism
offensive actions taken directly agaisnt terorrists
coutnerinsurgency
comprehensive civilian and militayr efforts taken to defeat an insurgency and to address any core greviences
Phasing = 6
Shape Deter Seize Dominate Stabilize Enable Civil Authorities
shape, deter, seize, dominate, stabilize, enable civil authorities
= phasing
phasing is…
a definitive stage of an operation or campaign during which a large portion of hte forces/capabilities are similar or mutually supporting activities for a common purpose
definitive stage of an operation
phasing
5 ways phasing supports joint operations
organize = integrate/synchronize subordinate operations visualize = force's resources/time/space/purpose achieve = helps you achieve a military objective that can't be attained all at once by arranging smaller related ops into a logical sequence mitigate = risk int eh more dangerous/diffiuclt portions of the operations synchronize= better itnegration/synchronization of subordinate ops in time/space/purpose
Shape (phase of an operation)
Stage 1
shape missions/tasking/actions are designed to dissuade/deter adversaries and reassure friends
goal of the shaping phase of an operation
missions/tasks/actions are designed to dissuade/deter adversaries & reassure friends
things that happen in the shaping phase of an operation
- continuous w/intent to enhance international legitimacy and gain multinational cooperation
- devleop allied militayr capabilities for selfdefense and multinational ops
- improve information sharing/intelligence
- mitigate conditions taht arise could lead to a crisis
deter (phase of an opeation)
stage 2
deter an adversary from undertakign actions
things that happen during the deter phase of an oepration
mobilization, predeployment, deployment, employment of ISR, deveop C3/intelligence/force protection/logistic requriements
Seize (phase of an operation)
apply joint combat power rapidly
delay, impede, or hault the enemy initial aggression
dominate (phase of an operation)
break enemy will to resist control of the operational environment
overmatch enemy capabilities at critical time/space
stabilize (phase of operation)
shift from sustained combat to stability ops
- restore local political/economical/intrastructure
- can be led by civilians
- may require joint force to perform limited local goverbnet
transition from the Seize to Dominate phase of operations
objectives have been achieved or the enemy has acted in a manner that requres a major change in focus
transition form Dominate to Stabilize phases of oeprations
events are driving a transition rather than time
numbering stages of phasing
phase 0 = shaping
phase V= enable civil authorities
phase 0
shaping
what does the JFC do during the planning phase
during planning, JCF estbalishes conditions objectiges and events for trnsitions form 1 plan ot the other, plans swquels and branches for possibel contigenceis
how does the JFC adjust the phases
JFC adjusts the phases to exploit opportunities presented by the adversary and operational situation to react to unforseen circumstances
what is the JFC able to do because it arranges operations/activities into phases
by arranging operations/activities into phases, JFC can better itnegrate and synchronize subordinats operations in time/space/purpose
OPLAN
approve activation, execution, termination
routine contact
engagement = routine cpntact. engagement activities are generally governed by various directivbes and don’t require a joint operations/plant order
security cooeration
developed allies/friendly militayr
gives US forces peacetime/contingency actigities
enhance HN willihnness
ensure miltiary forces complement and reinforce instruments of national spower
-lessens cause of potential crisis
establish framework to engage miltiary partners
when is deterrance effective
deteraance is effective when credible threat or retaliation exists and they believe the costs outweighs the preceive benefits of acting
sustained presence
contributes to deterrance and promotes a secure environemnt in which diplomatic/economic infromational programs are cesigned to decrease the cases of instability
examples of sustained presence
forward basing
forward deploying
preopsitioning assets
benefit of joint force presence
joint force presence often keeps unstable situations from escalating into larger counflicts
what is the most visible sign of US commitment
sustained presence of strobg capable forces is the msot visible sign of US commitment but must be able to rapidly transition to combat ops
examples of forward presence
forces afloat OCONUS stationed reotational deploy/redeploy access/storage agreemnts multinational exercises port visits foreign militayr training foreign militayr support mil to mil/mil to civ aucontact
2 important government emergency preparedness plans
continuity of operations
continuity of vovernment
US military role in arms control
“inspect, verify, seize”
verify arms control threaty, seize WMD, escort authoritzed deliveries to make sure they aren’t lost, site inspections, praticipateion in military data exchange, implenet armament reduction, dismantle/destory/dispose of weapons
decrease vulnerability to terrorists
antiterorrism
why is counterterrorism do improtant
undermining their power will deccrease credibility and legitimacy of terrrisms
purpose of enforcing sanctions
enforcing sanctions helps compel countries or groups to conform to the objectives of the international body
exclusion zones
usually bc breeches of internaional standards of human rights or flagrant violations of itnernational law regarding conduct of states
FIHD
“f-ihd”
foreign internal defense
provides assistance, devfeart overthroaw
what does security force assistance do
DOD unified effort to support/augment the development of capacity/cappability of freign security forces to achiev especific USG objectives
show of force
provide a credible militayr force in an attempt to diffuse a situation that, fi allowed to continue, may be determinential to US interests
providing a credible miltitary force in attempt to diffuse a sitaution before it blows up into something worse
show fo force
examples of show fo force activities
trainings and exrcises
why does the US deploy forces
- lend credibility to its promises an commitments
- increase its regional influence
- demosntrate its resolve to use military force if necessary
purpose of deterrance
deterrance prevents an adversary action by showing there is a credit threat for counteraction.
both in peace and war
type of joint operations
emergency preparedness arms control combat terrorism counter drug enforce sanctions freedom of air/seas national assitance protect shipping show fo forcre COIN
benefit of deploying quickly
prompt deployment of sufficient forces int he initial phase can prevent the need to deploy larger forces later
(economy of force)
who is responsible for NEO?
noncombatant operatiosn
- US ambassador prepares the action plan to evacuate US citizens/foreign nationals
- geographic combatant commanders do the military operations side
who prepares the action plan to evacuate noncombatant
US ambassador prepares the action plan to evacuate US citizens/foreign nationals
authorizes a PKO
PKO is undertaken with the consent of all
designed to supprot
difference between a PKO & PEO
PKO = peacekeeping operation. undertaken with consent of all PEO = peace enforcement operation. done't need consent of the state
who is responsible for protecting and evacluating NEO
Dept of State is responsible for protecting and evacuating American citizens abraod.
DOD advises/assists in preparing and implementing NOE
good way to describe a NEO evacuation
evacuation is like a raid b/c swift insertion of force, tempoary occupation, planned withdrawl
type of peace operations
PKO = peacekeeping opeation
PEO = peace enforcement operation
PB- diplomatic peace buildign
con
goal of FHA
foreign humanitarian assistance
- designed to decrease the impact of natural/manmade distasters
- limited in sope/duration b/c it is meant to supplemnet/complement HN activities
what is needed in order to do a PKO
need the consent of the state. PEO dont’ need consnt
peacemaking operations
diplomacy, mediation, negotioation of other forms of peaceful that arange an end to a dispute or resolves the situation that led to hte conflict
ultimate goal of peacemaking oearations
instill an udnerstanding that reconcillation is a better alternative to fighting
how to design conflict prevention/military deployments
conflict prevention/military deployments to deter & coerce parties need to be designed credible which may require a combat posture
recovery operations
to search/locate/receory/return
personnel, human remains, items critical to national security, sensitive equipment
design of FHA
foreign humanitarian assistence
meant to be limited in scope/duration b/c meant to supplemnt/complemebt HN offerings
strikes versus raids
S= to punish offending nations/groups, uphold international law, preventing that nation/group from launching their own attack R= tempoary seizure to get intel, confuse adversary, capture prominent personnel/equipment, destory an objective/capability
DSCA
disk-ah
Defense SUpport of Civil Operations
*supports domestic law enforcement in emergencies
*stipulates taht the support doesn’t conflict with DOD mission or tis ability to repsond to other miltiary contingencies
who is the primary decision maker in DSCA
the state governmor
publishes the National Response Framework
Homeland Secueity
National Response Framework
published by Dept Homeland Security
*established a comprehensive national and all-hazards approach to provide for a unified national respnose
comprehensive national all-hazards approach to provide a unified national respone
National Response Framework by Dept of HS
primary building blocks of a campaign
operations
strategic inititatives
set conditions for interactions with partners/adversaries/military forces/relevant populationsby devleoping and presenting infomration for conducitn activities toa ffect percepotion/will/behavior/capabilities
what does deterrance involve
analyzing and assessing adversary goals and decisionmaking processes to understand how actions influence events
sustainment
infrastrucyture requried to deploy/support combat ops must be identified/resorucesd/emplaced in a timely manner
operation in Grenada
Operation URgent Fury
where is Grenada
100 miles north of Venezula
what happened in Operation Urgent Fury
US invaded Grenada 1983. (regan)
how was Operation Urgent Fury planned
planned w/tourist map of island and articles out of the Economist b/c not ienough infomration
Operation Just Cause
Panama invasion to dispose Noreiga 1989
Panama invasion to dispose Noriega
Operation Just Cause
1989
FDO
flexible deterrant option
*preplanned deterance oriented actions designed an issue to an early resoultion
preplaned deterrance oriented actions designed to bring an issue to an early resolution
FDO = flexible deterrant option
SOF contributions
can provide operational leverage by gathering critical information, undermine a potential adversary’s will/capacity to wage war, and enhance capability of conventional US forces
deny the enemy the opportunity to achieve its objectives.
seize the initiative
seize the initiative
deny the enemy the opportunity to achieve its objectives and to generate in the enemy a sense of inevitable failure & defeat
needs for forcible entry operations
extensive intellgience, detailed coordination, innovationb, flexibleilty
where do you attack an adversary to achieve a decisive advantage early
attack their COG
COG
source of power that provides morale or pohysical strenght, ffeedom of action, or will to act
aka cyber
information enviornment
message in “The Art of War”
all warfare is based on deception
stabilization objectives
strengthen legitimate civil authority rebuild government institutions foster sense of confidence support the conditions for economic reconstruction foster sense of considence and wellbeing
civil-military operations are conducted to
seccure/safegaurd the population, reestablish civil law/order, protect/rebuikld key infrastruture, restore public servicews
remember: during operations where the government doesn’t exist
during operations wher the government doesn’t exist, extreme caution should be used not to inadvertantly legitimize individuals/orgnaizations
JOPES orders
warning order planning order alert order operataion order execute order deployment order
CAP
crisis action planning
understanding JOPES
break down the word”
J= joint warfare/multiservice
O= operattional military response to a crisis
P-= detailing an operation
E= executing the committee carying iot out
S-system of planned option standards used to formulate an outcomes
what is JOPES
system of joint policy and reporting structures supported by communications and computer system
*used by JPEC to monitor, plan, execute mo ilization/deplyment/sustainmentredeploymentde obilization activiteis associated wjoint ops
system that allows multi-service forces to plan/execute an operatation
JOPES
why was JOPES created
b/c of the sheer complexity of different planning processes used by the services in order to movre effective move assets in/out of the theatre
*prior to 1960s, joint operation plannign was haphazard. in 1966, SecDef McNamara recognized the problem haand had the JOint Chiefs create a souilution
what purpose does JOPES provide
JOPES provides the planning community with streamlned procedural steps for monitoring, planning, and executing an operation to standardization across servi ec components so smoother flow of forces into/otu of theatre
JET (JOPES)
JOPES editing tool,
GCCS-J (JOPES)
Global Command & Control System - Joint
FM (JOPES)
Force MOdule
JPERMS (JOPES)
Joint PErmissions
ULN (JOPES)
Unit LIne
UTC (JOPES)
unit type code
RQT
Rapid Quwry Tool
tools used by JOPES
JOPES uses software applications to support hte planning & execution processes
*Newsgrops, JET, JPEMS, RQT
JOPES as a system
JOPES is a system so procedural steps are followed while monitoring, panning, and executing an operation to ensrue smooth flow of forces inout of thatre
tool to ensure smooth flow of forces in/out of theatr
JOPES
shortfall of JOPES
lack of personnel, equipment, material capability
*difference between the resources identified in a plan and those apportioned to a combatant commander for planning that would adversely affect the commander’s ability to accomplish a mission
purpose of JOPES
develop/execute a standardized joint ops plan under a single standardized framework
*multiservivec can plan/execute an operaiton
who has responsibility for the overall planning/execution of an operation
the supported commander
JOPES process in peacetime
called “Deliberate Planning”
- “what if…” establishes as baseline
- during crisis situation, deliberate planning becomes CAP (crisis action planning)
JOPES process
Step 1
- SecDef provides guidence to the supported commander. Supported commander task their service components to begin developing a COA
JOPES process
Step 2
- service components identifiy requried capability in the JCRM (Joint Capabilities Requesrts Mananager) for submission to the supported commander and enter preliminary data into JOPES
JOPES process
Step 3
- supported commander approves. tracking number is assigned. request is forwarded to the Joint Staff for review & validation
(assesses validity of the request, strategic risk in relation to other priorities, provide guidence as required)
JOPES process
Step 4
Joint Staff validates
a joint force provider (JFP) is assigned
JOPES process
Step 5
Joint Force Provider (JFP) forwards the request to its service components
JOPES process
Step 6
- Joint Force Provider (JFP) has global visibility fo hte forces will consider the JFP sourcing recomme ndations and make joint sourcing recommendations to JOint STaff and eventually SecDef for approval
JOPES process
Step 7
- SecDef approves. supporting commander providnt the forces will populate JOPES with teh UIC and detailt he Unit Line as required
UIC
unit identification code
JOPES Volume 1
contains planning, policies, deliberate/adaptive, and crisis action planning
JOPES Volume 2
detailed procedure for rapid TPFDD development and deployemnt of the forces across teh 3 phases of CAPT
APEX plannign
APEX planning and guidance provides for adminsitration and formats for OPLAN and CONPLANS
GFMIG
Global force managemtn implementation guience
*integarates the assignemtnment, alocations…
JOPES publications & guidences
JOPES Volume 1 & 2
APEX
GFMIG (global force management implementation guidence)
3 major phases of CAP
CAP = crisis action plannign
*situational awareness, planning, execution
CAP phase 1
situational awareness
- event or incident of national interest is recognized and reported
- commander’s estimate is provided to CJCS
- CJCS advises the president about the situation
CAP phase 2
planning
*decision to develop military COA
*normally transmitted by a CJCS warning order and ends when teh combant commander publishes an executable OPORD
2 phases: COA developmentn * detailed plan development
*once a COA is selected,t he chairman publishes an ALERTORD containing hte selected COA and the supported commander begins plan develpoment
CAP phase 3
Execution
president/SecDef issues the EXORD
APEX stands for
Adaptative Planning & Execution System
will replace JOPES
APEX
*APEX is incorporated into JOPES now
contingency planning via JOPES
in relation to JOPES, if a hurricane were to hit us, a deliberate plan should already have been developed so pick the one that most closely matches the situation and start building the crisis action plan
CAP
process used to develpo a feasible military response to an actual event
2 types of planning
(preplanned in advance versus actual ongoing crisis
deliberate planning = preplanned in advance
CAP = crisis action planning = pick the deliberate plan that most closely matches the situation then adapt
sequence of orders in JOPES -6
WARNORD PLANORD ALERTORD OPORD EXORD DEPLOYORD
preliminary notification informing DOD that military action will follow
WARNORD
initiates CAP phase 1
WARNORD
WARNORD
- preliminary notice informing DOD that military action will follow
- may allocate forces/resources
- establishes command relationships
- provides initial plannign guidence
- based on observations during CAP phase 1 “sitautional awareness
issues PLANORD
CJCS
when is PLANORD issued
issued by the CJCS before selction of a COA to intiated execution planning
- an essential element of CAP phase 2
- normally follows a commander’s estimation
- provides essential planning guidence
- directs intiation of an oececution phase planning before planning a militayr COA
issued by the CJCS before selection of a COA to initiate execution plannign
PLANORD
ALERTORD
issued by the CJCS that provides essential guidence for plannign and directs the intiation of execution planning for the selected COA
*describes the selected COA in sufficient detail to allow the supported commander &JPEC members to begin detailed planning to deployed forces
order that describes the selected COA in detail
ALERTORD
OPORD
directive issued by a commander to subordinant commanders for the purpose of effectively the coorinated execution of an operation
- includes concise descriptiors of CONOPS & tasked organization
- final planning doc of CAP phase 2
directive issued by commanders to subordinant commanders for the purpose of coordinating execution of an operation
OPORD
EXORD
Prez/SecDef decision direction execution of a COA/OPORD. sets plan into action
intiates CAP phase III
President/SecDef says the plan is a go
EXORD
DEPORD
planning directurive issued by CJCS thatt authorizes/directs the transfer of forces betwen combatanhg comamnd
what does a DEPORD normally specify
authorty that the ganing combatant command will exercise on the transferred forcews
*increase/decrease deployment posture, deploy/redeploy from 1 AOR to another
established in the DEPORD
C-day (commencement day)
L-hour (launch hour)
CAP phases & ORDs
CAP phase 1: “sitautional awareness”: WARNORD
CAP phase 2: “planning” PLAORD, ALERTORD, OPORD, EXORD
CAP phase 3: “execute”DEPORD
CAP phases & ORDS
- situation occurs in the theatre
CAP phase 2
compatant commander ofhtat AOR assesses teh situation and briefs JCF/PRez/SECDEF, National Security COUncil - JCS issues WARNORD
- supported commanders commence CAP phase 2 “planning”.
create COA options to JCS.
PLANORD issued by JCS in anticipation of a COA or wait until one is selected - ALERT issued after COA is selected
- supporder commander receives ALERTORD and does detailed planning
- supported commander issues OPORD which reflets the final plan
- JCS issues the EXORD intiatiationg cCAP phae 3 execution and the miltary force will execute the OPORD
when are COA options created
during CAP phase II “planning”
WARNORD-PLANORD
when is a COA option selected
during CAP phase II “plannign”
ALERTORD
signifies that a COA was selected
ALRTORD
what does a WARNORD do
may allocate forces/resources
provides initial planning guidence
provides initial planning guidence in CAP
WARNORD
directs initiation of an executon planning before a military COA is selected
PLANORD
what does a PLANORD do
directs initiation of an execution planning before a military COA is selected
what does the ALETORD do
directs the intiation of execution planning after the COA is selected/approved
directs the initiation of execution planning after the COA is selected/approved
ALERTORD
what does the OPORD do
task participants to preprepare for the operation
describes task organization and CONOPS
what doe an EXORD do
directs execution of a COA/operatation. intiates CAP III
what does a DEPORD do
increases/decreased deployment posture
when does phase II of CAP start
w/WARNORD
how does the Presidnet/SecDef/JCS use JOPES orders
JOPES orders are used byt eh president/secdef/JCS to direct the supported commander and supporting agencies to intiate actions in repsonse to a crisis
JPEC
Joint Planning & Execution Community
you & JPEC
knwo your role within the JOPEC ommunity, who the key players are, and who interacts
JPES
joint planning & exeuction services
*provides net centric services an dcapabilities thatsupport hte cevelopment and sustabiment of deliberate CAP in a collaborative nviorbment so rapid transition from plannign to execution
who is picked to be the supported commander?
the commander of hte AOR where the crisis is happening (location, location, location!)
*AOR is the single factor that determiens whoat CCDR becoems the supported commander dirng a crisis
who orders the CJCS to eecute an operation
the executive branch
who as a whole plans & executes all military operations
JPEC as a whole plans and executes all militayr operations
*flow of information down from Joint Chiefs of Staff to supported commander to supporting commanders
Supported versus supporting commander
supportED commander is responsible for the overall planning/executionof the operation (will be the CCDR fot the AOR where the crisis is happening)
supportING comamnder = assists with plan and provision of assets
5 major mission capabilities of GCCS-J
force readiness force planning intelligence situational awareness comabt support "GCCS-J si the system of record for JOPES"
2 main computer software programs for JOPES
JET = JOPES editing tool RQT = Rapid Query Tool
description of TPFDD
communicates teh commander’s pirorities and ensures force deplayment supports force employment
- controls the flow of rforces in//out of theatre
- development of TPFDD is a repetitive and collaborative p rocess b/c needs continuosu reviews to verify/update plannign foactors in reposne to changing situations
controls flow forces in/out of theatre
TPFDD
Deployment/REdeployment LOI
jont document taht dictates minimum standards for TPFDD
*RLD, ALD, EAD, LAD
RLD
Ready to Load date
ALD
Available to Load date
EAD
earliest arrival date
LAD
latest arrival date
APODS
aerial point of embarkation
PROVORG
providing organization
SPOE
seaport of embarkation
LEADS
leadershipo, eucaiton, analysis, development, sustain
DHA
Defense HElath Agency
joint integrated combat support angency that enables combatant commanders both in peace and war
overseas military health services
DHA = Defense Health Agency
a joint combat support agency
NRF
National Response Framework
NDMS
National Defense Medical System
DMP
Distaster Management Plan
surge capacity
ability to expand beyond normal capacilty to meet increased demand for medidcal care
ability to expand to meet new needs
surge apacity
guide for how the nation will respond to all types of emergencies
NRF = National REsponse Framework
approach utilized via the National REposne Framework
NIMS
what is integrated in the National REsponse Framework
integrates homeland security, law enforcemnt, public health, and … into 1 unified structure
*identifies how US coordinates w/statelocaltribal/rpviate sector
identifies how the US will coordiante w/state/local/tribal/private sector
National Repsone Framework
oversees the National REsponse Framework
Dept HS
National Disaster Medial System
federally coordinated healthcare system
purpose: support state/local/tribal disasters by supplementing their healthmedical systems via DMATS
3 major functions of the National Disaster Medical System
Medical respone, pt evacuation, definitive care at hosptials
DMATS
disaster medical assistance teams
deploys DMATS
National Disaster Medical System
National DIsaster Medical System partnership
Dep HHS, DHS, DOD, VA via a MOA
to support state/local/tribal by supplementing their health and medical systems
publication of DSCA
JP3-28 “Defense Support of Civil Authorities”
what does DSCA do
requests for assistance form law enforcement/civil authority
authorizes DSCA
- local commander mgiht night have time to get higher HQ approval b/c public is in serious danger. skips request to the Office of SecDef
- BUT…requests should be sent to eh Office of SecDef for approval
FEMA
Federal Edmergency Management Agency
role of military healthcare in their AOR
military healthcare is expected to identify/potential threats in AOR, devlep comprehensive disaster managenemt plans, enxure MOU w/local healthcare serviecs
SMART
Special Medical AUgmentation Response TEam
10 Steps to craete Disaster Management Plan
- assemble key stakeholders for a team approach to plans
- assess current resources
- assess facilities capabilities/weakness to delvier services
- develop detailed comprehensive written plans
- educate staff on plans
- drills
- lessons learned from drills
- assess knowledge/skills/sabilities of stff to respoend to the paln
- modify traning plna
- contihnous repetaiton othe scyle of improvement based on leassons learned
strategies to increase hosptial surge capacity
early d/c d/c holdign areas outpt procedure beds converted hallways for alternati ve trametn Redross/schoools/
intention of NDMS
intended for federally declared domestic disasters and armed conflicct when civilian facilities are needed to augment DOD/VA
plan for when domestic disasters means civilian facilities are needed to augument DOD & VA
intention of NDMS
what governs the NDMS
NDMS is governed by MOS abetween DHS, DOD, VA, HHS
DOD response to the Indonesia tsunami
Project Hope
December 2004. included the Mercy
yr of the Indonesia tsunami
Dcemebr 2004
yr of Hurrincae Sandy
- catagory 1 and landfall near atlantic city, NJ btu 900 miles long and storm surge pounded NJ/NY/CT
job of Dr Fauci
Director ofthe Natioanl Institute fo Allergies and INfection DRugs
GFM
global force management
AP
adaptive plannign
CCDR functional comamands
transportaiotn, special ops, strateic
description of JOPES
a system of joint policies, procedures, reports, struccturs supported by communications and computers systems that is used by the JPECto monitor/plan/execute/mobolizedeply/employ/sustain/redeploydemobilize activiteis associated w/joint operaions
JOPES Volume 1
planning policies & procedures
JOPES Volume 3
TPFDD development and eployment execution, Deployment/REdeployment LOI
*general transit times and data condition. validation and movement procuedures, sustaiment, replacemtn, retrograde proceudres
Joitn Strategic Capabilities Plan
porvoides a single standardized framework for develpment of OPLANS, CONPLANS, kOPOD< TPFDD
what does GCCS-J porvide
provides CCDR a complete picture of hte battlefield and the ability to order, resond, and coordiante C4I information
primary platform for support of JOPES
GCCS-J
use of JET
JET for TPFDD development & editing
used for TPFDD development & editing
JET
used for TPFDD analysis & reports
RQT
use of RQT
used for TPFDD analysis & reports
use of JFAST
transport feasibility and support planning
GFM
- enables SecDef to make proactive informed force management decisions
- globally assess force sourcing, risk soultions,a nd address mitigation options
3 A’s of GFM
assignment
allocation
apportionment
Adaptive Planning
DOD intitiative to change the overarchign porcess transforming the way we plan/execute joint ops
APEX
Adaptive Planning & Execution
- planning to be JOPES successor
- Dept level system of joint P&P, reporting structures, uspporeted tech
- used byt eh Joint Planning & Execution community tpolanexecutute mobiliziton/deplyment/sustainmentredeploymen tdeobilizaiton actiovitions w/joint ops. apex facilitates the rapid develpoment and maintence of plans and when neesary, teh dynamic transition ot eeution. apex will allow planners to provide “livng Plans’
examples of joint strategies
Security, Defense, MIlitary
what starts joint situational awareness
situational awareness starts w/a report to CJCS
goal of adaptive planning
goal is to produce higher standard plans in 6 months
commander’s assessment
information obn a situation action beong taken withing ROF forces available, timeframe for commitment of forces, major constraints/restrains for forces, COA under consideration
when does the planing phase end
with the publication of an OPORD
COA development
COA development stars w/CJCS, as directed byt eh Secef, sends a warning order to supportED commander to deveop COA
*ends w/supported CCDR’s COA torpesident/secdef via commander’s estimate
who issues the CJCS
WARNORD
what does the WARNORD request
requests commander’s estimate - develop COA
what does the WARNORD contain
mission statement objectives constraints/resteaints tentative force available command relationshpois
what is in the Commander’s Estimate
mission situation COA analysis of potential COA comparision of COA recommendated COA
when is the PLANORD issued
issued by teh CJCS when detailed planning is desired immediately
*before the presidnet approves a COA
what does a PLANORD contain
mission objectives
force availabel
comma
what directs joint operation execution planning
PLANORD
president’s decision on a COA
ALERTORD
what requests an OPORD
ALERTORD
what does the ALERTORD contain
sitaution tasks allocation force strategic lfit
how does the president direct the supported CCDR to eexecute an OPORD
EXORD
what does the EXORD indicate
- president approves the OPORD and the supported commander may execute the OPORD
- sets time to initiate th operation
- conveys guidence not provided earlyer
resource to tell us when the jont operation will commense
EXORD definines the timeline
goal of the “stabilization” phase of joint shaping operatiosn
you want to support hte goal for militaryivil efforts to eliminate the root causes or deficiencies that createfd the problem
objectives of the “stabilization” phase of joint shaping operations
strength legit civil authoriteis
rebuild gov institutions
foster sense of well beign iand confidence
support conditions for economic reonstruction
objectives of stability Operations
restore rule of law integrate civil=-military offices conduct FID protect avoid ligitimizing inadvertently
what is critical during stability operations
during stability ops, it is critical to avoid inadvertently legitimizing an individual/org in a coutnry where no government exists
foreign allies and partner nations who support a ampaign objective
critical partners
set of required conditions that defines achievemnt of a commander’s objectives
end state
end state
set of required conditions taht defines achievement of a commander’s objectives
US support to Japan post earthquake/tsunami
2011
OPeration TOmadachi
9.0 earthquake and tsunami 230 miles NE from Tokyo
*at peak, 24K personel, 189 aircraft, 24 USN vessels helped out including the REgan
*US troops played a key role in keeping the US airfields open for relief and supplies
US air base in NE Japan
Misawa
Japanese military
Japanese Self-defense force
Misawa during Operation Tomadachi
used as a forward operatating base for both US/Jap Self Defense force to help earthquake survivors
role of Reagan during Operation Tomadachi
platform for air ops and refueled US/Japan heilos
role of USS Tortuga during Operation Tomadachi
transported 90 Japenese self defense force vehicles and 300 soldier to N. Honshiu for releif works
goals in disasters
save lives
restore critical infrastructure
sustain operations
who is in charge of ICBRN-R operations
host nation incidnet commander
nuclear power plant involved in the Japense earthquake/tsunami
Fukushima Dachi
HSPD
homeland security predidential policy directive
PPD
presidential policy directive
EMAC
emergency management assistanc comp
RRCC
refional response coordinator commander
JFO
joint field office
MACDIS
military assistance for civil disturbances
EPLOS
emergency preparedness liaison officer
operational control
OPCON
concept of operations
CONPLAN
DCOC
defense coordinating offier
CERPF
CBRNE and high yield explosive enhanced response force packages
EMAC
emergency management assistance compact
*all hazard and siscipline mutual aid package that serves as a cornerstone of hte nation’s mutual aid system
JISCC
joint incident communications capabilities
WMDCST
WMD civil support team
CBIRF
chem/bio incident repsone force
single POC at FEMA Joint Field Office for required DOD assistance
DCO
only standing CBRN REsponse JTF HQ in US
Ft EUstis, VA
lead federal agency for domestic CBRNE incidents
Dept of Homeland Security
lead federal agency for international CBRNE incidents
Dept State
lead federal agency for CBRNE incidents
domestic = Dept of Homeland Security
international = state department
military installations = DOD
IAW
in accordance with
lead federal agency for CBRNE incidents on military installations
DOD
what does it mean to be in possession of WMD
source of strategic leverage international prestigue regional dominance detertrrance even threat of WMD is beneficial
MOPP
mission oriented protective posture
CHEM agent gear
MOPP = mission oriented protective posture
R&S
reconaisance & surveillance
post Battle of Mogadishu
Clinton removed all US troops in Somalia
example of an embassy attack
1998 in Kenya & Tanzania
2000 ship attack
USS Cole
how many died in the USS Cole attack
17 sailors
who was responsible for USS Cole attack
alQ/OBLaden
terror attack in 2000
USS Cole by OB Laden’s alQ
17 sailors died
expelled Taliban from Afghanistan
Operation Enduring Freedom whichb expelled Taliban from Afghanistan b/c harbored alQ and hosted terror training camps
operation post 9/11
Operation Enduring Freedom
expelled Taliban from Afghanistan b/c harbored alQ and hosted training camps
terror group in Afghanistan
Taliban
ousted by Operation Enduring Freedom
operations post 9/11
Operation Enduring Freedom
Operation Iraqi Freedom
Operation Desert Storm
1991 to get Iraqi to primary goal to free kuwait from Iraw *massive air interdiciton top repare for ground campaign *ended 100hrs after ground campaign
geographic Unified Commands w/HQ outside of their AOR
AFRICOM
CENTCOM
SOUTHCOM
HQ of CENTCOM
MacDill AIr FOrce Base in Tampa, FL
HQ is in Tampa
CENTCOM’s HQ is at MacDill Air Force Base in Tample FL
HQ of AFRICOM
Kelley Barracks in STuttgart Germany
HQ of NORTHCOM
Peterson Air Force Base in Colorado
HQ of EUROCO
Patch Barracks in STuttgart Germany
JPME
Joint PRofessional Military Studies
force/power projection
capacity of a state to deploy and sustain forces outside of the territory
hard versus soft power
Hard = military/economic means to influence behavior Soft = diplomacy, culture, history
how many islands in Africa
7
terror group in Africa
Boko Haram
idea that subsahara africa is a region too riddled with problems for good governance and economical development to take hold
Afropessium
what make AFRICOM different from the other unified commands
only COCOM structure w/two deputy commanders
1 focused on military ops & one on civil-military activities
1200s leader in Africa
Mansa Musa of Mali
what is Mali known for
Mansa Musa
home of the Bantu people
Nigeria/Cameroon
The Scramble for Africa
1881 - 1914
Arabs were actively involved in the slave trade in Africa for 1000yrs and the Europeans didn’t start until the 1500s
where were slaves sent to in the new world
40% to Brazil
40% to the Caribbean
european division of the Africa continent
Conference of Berlin
1884
important thing to remember when considering how the Conference of Berlin divided the African continent
different political/tribal boundaries that the ones chosen by the EUropeans
received Mt Kilimanjaro
Queen Victora gave to Kaiser Wilhemm
country who only got one country via the Council of Berlin
King LEopold of Bulgaria got DRC
yrs of hte Franco-Prussian War
`1870-71
European who made an impact in Zimbabwe
Cecil RHodes
source of Cecil Rhodes fortune
diamond magnate
The White Man’s Burden
Rudyard Kipling
why did Europe need to colonize
cramped homeland among other thngs
Germany’s african colonies
Togo
Cameroon
Namibia
Italy’s afrian colonies
Libyia
somalia
european countries who collonized africa
brit france portugal germany italy belgium spain
Maji-Maji rebellion
1905-1907
oppression to germany rule
germany killed/started 250K
stance of Britians in terms of interacting w/African colonies
The Africans can never become Britians or be equal
treatment of the Libyan’s in 1920-73s by Italy
1928 - 1932: 1/2 of the Berber population in Libya killed by the Italian Army
FDR & Churchill meeting
Atlantic Conference off the coast of Newfoundland on the USS Augusta
Atlantic Conference
FDR & Churchill on the USS AUgusta off the coast of Newfoundland
Djibouti’s refrandum on independence
1967: Djibouti’s refrendum onindependence had 60% od population vote against it
yr Mandela was elected
1994
stat on the # of African coups
1960 - 1987 = 131 attempted coups in Africa & 60 were successful
slave trade in Africa
Arab slave trade in Africa for 1000s yrs
Europe didn’t start until 1500s
foreign policy of the Cold War
“the enemy of my enemy is my friend.
u
Cold War era relationship between Soviets & China
China often opposed SOviets even if it meant siding w/USA
dictator in ZImbabwe
Robert Mugabe
Cold War policies
containment
domino therory
detete
Afropessisium
racist idea that the African cause is hopeless
president of Kenya
Keyatta
Kenyatta
president of Kenya
Goodluck Johnathan
Nigerian PResident
Nigerian PResident
Goodluck JOhnathan
Realpolitik
politics or diplomacy based primarily on power and on practical and material factors and considerations rather than idological or morality
how must the US military stop thinking about war
stop thinking about war in the context of war but war in the context of “everything else”
*energy, demographics, investment, politcs, security, immigration…)
PKSOI
peacekeeping and stability operations institute
- check out their website
ES&CI
essential services and critical infrastructure
most effective way to achieve ESC&I
meet with an establish partnerships w/ affected COM, embassy country teams, USAID, orgs, who already are or will becoming to stay long term
intended goal fo ES&CI
“do no harm”
goal of ES&CI
set up the HN with means for provision of fundamental government servies to target pop with a view towards long-term sustainability of hte project/sector
established CIA
National Security Act of 1947
National Security Act of 1947
War department became the DOD,
established National Security Council - consolidated intel info,
established CIA
evolution of CIA over time
initially CIA didn’t have police/subponea/law enforcement
- difficult to track terrorist’s b/c CIA coun;’t act as spies for law enforcement agencies or let them receive information from law enforcement agencies like FI
Posse Comitatus Act
1878
- outlaws the willful use of any part of the mil to execute the law except if Congressional lor Constitutional …
- Constitution permits Congress to authorize the use of the milita to execute the law of the union, repeal invasions, suppress insurrections
Congress exception to Posse Commitus
1981: mil can chare intel information with law enforcement in the ordinary course of busines but can’t collect info on behalf of law enforcement
National Commission on Terrorist Attacks
post 9/11, they published the 9/11 Commission Report
- found a key problem of the intellgience community was the lack of sharing of Intel
- so bush passed IRTPA in 2004
IRTPA
Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act
- a foundational DOC to understand intel ops.
- reviewed Doc to understand intelligence community
- strengthened intelligence community by defining goals/budget and estba national center tasked w/developing collaborative approaches to collection analysis of intel for a specific issue
ODNI
Office of the Director of National Intelligence
background of James Clapper
Air Force General
top position of the intelligence/spy agencies
Director of National Intelligence
Director of National Intelligence
position on top of Intel US spy agencies
- created in 2004 b/c of hte missing coordination/collaboration that led to 9/11
DIA
Director of National Intelligence
- oversees the 18 federal agencies that make up the IC and coordinate efforts to implement the National Intelligence Program
- principle advisor to prez/National Security Council on intelligence issues /rt national security
principle intelligence advisor to the National Security Council and president
Director of National Intelligence - DIA
DIA for Trump
John Ratcliffe
5 types of Intel collection
HUMINT, SIGNINT, IMINT, MASINT, OSINT
first female head of DIA
Avirl Haines. for Biden.
deputy director of CIA under Obama
- criticized Trump at confirmation hearing
“when it comes to intelligence, there is no place for politics ever”
friction when DNI position was created
friction when DNI position was craeted b/c agencies were used to calling their own so the DIA was a competition
who does HUMINT
CIA and defense clandestine service are primary colelctors
- counterpropaganda, psyop, counterindusrgency, reform, anticorrpution, clandestine, antidrug, SERE, intilftraion, night mabneuver,s biochem, EW, coutnersabotage, black ops
newborn/senior citizens intel
newborn/senior citizens use intel ops b/c you don’t’ expect them to be threats. intel has to hire people w/not so stellar background if won’t pass security clearnances. mathematical game theory in intel doesn’t always make sense
NGA
national geospatial intellgience agency
CIA and law enforcement
CIA has no law enformence policies
OSD
Office of SecDefy
year the DIA was created
1961
highest political organ of Communist party
Politoburo
longest serving CIA director
Allen Dulles
Doolittle Report
1956
study on the personnel, security, adequacy, and efficiency of hte CIA
aka “Report on the Covert Activities of the CIA”
year of Bay of Pigs
1961
cia fialure
FISA
foreign intelligence surveillance act
Rocketfeller commission
commission in 1974 to investigate CIA/intel
- NY Times reported CIA had done illegal domestic activities including experimentation on US citizen
Project Corona
CIA strategic satellites produced by CIA w/Air Force to spy on USSR
political positions of Bush Sr
US House of Rep
10t Ambassador to RN
Chairman of RNC
Chief of USD Liaision Office to CHina
11th Director of CIA
VP to REan
41st President
Pike Commission
investigated illegal activities by CIA, FBI, and National Security Agency
year the Iran-Contra scandal went public
1986
chaired the 9/11 Commission
Thomas Kean
responsible for 9/11
AlQ
responsible for US embassy/Tanzania attacks
1998
Al Q
resonsible for the attack on USS Cole
2000
alQ
nefarious actions by alQ
1998: Kenya/Tanzania embassy bombings
2000: USS Cole
2001: 9/11
PENTTBOM
codename for FBI probe into 9/11. largest criminal investigation in FBI hx
Pentagon/Twin Towers Bombing INvestigation
cybernetic
science of communications and automatic control system in both machines and living thing
5 intelligence paralysis
leads to intelligence failures,
failure to access information (perception/cognition)
- cybernatic constrains or learnign
burecratic policies
impact of the different levels of hierarchy of intel
influence the analysis of intellgienc data by affecting what bits of data are to /evalue
8 intelligence failure specific to surprise attacks
attacker may be indecisive so can’t predict with accuracy,
defender may become aware that we know and concel plans so we look like liek we raised a false alarm “cry wolf syndrome” - reduces polym mkaer inclination to head last ways
- intel info may be compartmentalized to protect, source which limits addiition information
- if intel is too close to the policy maker may “aim to please” but if not close, you don’t have raw
- extract meaninful infor form mass of maning ful nuse so intereference as error prone
restrict flow of information
stovepiping
R&A
research and analysis
where was the USS Cole attack
Yemen
reification
act of changing something abstract (thoughts/ideas) into something real
problem of decentralization
harder to get the crucial data on the right time
compartmentalization
requires the tight control of secret inform so only those with “need to know” geat access to data/collection mens- significant problem often those with “need to know” only find out after theact
assassination of OBL
02 May 2011
- Operation Neptune
- Abbottabad pakistan
pakistan discovered in Aug 2010
- small raid to minimize colalteral damage/nomncombatants
org of OBL
alQ
core mission of Director National Intellgience
intel integration
6 steps of hte intel cycle
plan/direct
collection
processing/exploitations
analysis/production
disseminating/evaluation
evaluating: do for each step
