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Military Topics > Disaster > Flashcards

Disaster Flashcards

1
Q

negative effects of aid

A

dependency
manipulate
aid = wealth = power
aid for civilians can be stolen by fights/bandits/black market
aid delivers equipment liek vehicles/radios which can be valuable to insurgents
armed escorts to facilities aid operations hav implications that need to be carefully evaluated
culture of dependency if no end state/goal
aid only given to one group/divides popuation
aid can be misued, unintended/negative consequences

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2
Q

Humanitarian Reform Afgenda

A

2005

to reform humanitarian coordination

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3
Q

cluster approach

A

reform for the international humanitarian coordination system

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4
Q

clusters (aid relief)

A

groups of humanitarian organizations (UN & non)
wach one of the main sectors for humitarian action (water, health, logistics…)
designaed byt ehe Inter-Agency Standing COmittee

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5
Q

IASC

A

inter agency standing comittee
*developed the cluster approach to humanitarian reponse b/c previous responss were disjointed. clusters provides better organization
(unorganization leads to duplications)

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6
Q

goal of clusters (aid relief)

A

achieve units of effort among responsders w/o relinquishing any of their independence
(unorganizaiton leads to duplications of efforts)

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7
Q

first time the cluster approach was used for humanitarian response

A

clusters first used in the 2005 earthquake in Pakistan

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8
Q

what happens when disasters don’t use a cluster system for response

A

chaos
confusion
competition

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9
Q

benefits of the cluster approach to humanitarian aid

A
  • lets coordination/organization of humanitarian response lead to organizations can plug into the system by doing their own mission/provide their own special skills btu also coordinate with each other
  • clarifies roles & responsibilities and divides labor
  • ensures there are no gaps/duplications fo efrorts
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10
Q

organizations that agree to coordiante humanitarian efforts within their clusters

A

Lead Agency

  • oversees clusters worldwide, policies & procedures, build training & capacity, secure emergency response funds & materials, coordinate w/agenceis
  • **assess, respond, surge, expertise, stoc,pile, standardize, monitor
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11
Q

4 aspects of stockpiling

A

acquire
store
preposition
distribute

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12
Q

aid agencies & security

A

aid agencies handle security differently from the military

  • what works for the military might endanger aid workers
  • know how id agencies handle securioty so you don’t inadvertenty endanger aid workers
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13
Q

Aid Worker Security Report & Database

A

in 2017, 158 major events against aid workers in 27 cuntries affected 313 aid workers

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14
Q

how to evaluate aid worker victims of violence

A
  • when you look at victims, also look to see if incident rate increased every year in proportion to the number of workers
  • when you look at the incidence rate over time, consider if hte proprotion is the same if mor wokers
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15
Q

where does 2/3 of all violence against aid workers occur

A 
SUdan
Africa
Syria
CAR
NIgeria
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16
Q

4 common tactics to hurt aid workers

A 
assault
explosive
kidnap
shoot
**rape & sexual assault are underreported
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17
Q

3 motives for violence against aid workers

A

political
money
incidential (wrong place, wrong time)

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18
Q

who is responsible for the safety of all aid workers

A

host nations or occupying power are responsible for the safey of all on teh soil including guests and aid workers per the GEneva COnvention

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19
Q

considering when military and non-military work together to provide humanitarian aid

A

humanitarian organizations are distinct from military/political actors and follow humanitarian princples of impartiality, neutrality, and independence. so they can’t be complicit w/militry and polticis

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20
Q

fundamental policy document for UN field operations security

A

MOSS = Minimum Operating Security Standards

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21
Q

deterrance

A

approach to security where yu attempt to deter a threat with a counterthreat

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22
Q

problem of hiring private security for aid workers

A

may increase retaliation

affects preceived neutrality,impartiality, and operational independence of humanitarian actors

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23
Q

problem of military & nonmilitary working together during a humanitarian crisis

A

blurs lines. makes the aid agencies not appear impatial, neutral, independent

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24
Q

UN-CMCoord

A

“sim-cord”
UN Civil Military Coordination Field Handbook
*interaction betwen civilian in military actors in human itarian emergencies that is necessary to:
-protect/promote hujmanitarian principles
-avoid competition
-minimize inconsistency
-pursue common goals

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25
Q

CMO

A

activities that establish, maintain, influence, or exploitrelationships between military and indigents ppulations/multinations by directly supporting the attainment of objectives r/t the reestablishment or maintaence of stability wihtin a region or HN

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26
Q

primary reference for CMC during an international humanitarian assistance mision

A

UN-CMCoord

“sim-cord”

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27
Q

OCHA

A

UN office for the oordination of humanitarian affairs

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28
Q

UN group responsible for coordinating humanitarian response to affected states

A

OCHA = UN Office for he Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs

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29
Q

MCDA

A

Military & Civil Defense Assets

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30
Q

Oslo Guidelines

A

established 1994
increase effectiveness & efficiency when using MCDA in international disaster regions
*guidelines on the use of foreign military & civil defense assets in disaster relief
*provides for use of foreign MCDA

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31
Q

APC-MADRO

A

Asian-Pacific REgional Guidelines for the use of Foreign MIlitary Assets in Natural DIsaster REpnse OPerations

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32
Q

MADRO

A

Military Assets in Natural Disaster Response Operations

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33
Q

how does the Oslo Guideliens assist responders

A

assists responders by defining MCDA response criteria

*humanitarian relief is civilian led & direct assistance is produced by these responde

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34
Q

important thing to remember when we use a military response

A

military response is short-lvied and there needs to be an established transition/exit strategy early on to hand over disaster rliefto development actors with a longer-term presence

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35
Q

information sharing in disaster response

A

in disaster response, information needs to be coordinated & shared

36
Q

3 W’s key elements in humanatarian repnse

A

Who is responding
waht are they oing
where are they operating

37
Q

problem of landmines

A

some countries de-mine for decades after the conflict

38
Q

Joint Publication on FHA

A

JP-29: Foreign Humanitarian Assistnance

39
Q

AJDRP

A

ASEAN Joint Disaster Response Plan

40
Q

ASEAN

A

Association of Southeast Asian Nations

41
Q

leadership input when military actors are involved in disaster response

A

military actors are not in charge when tehy involve themself in a humanitarian crisis
*humanitarian actors will approach coordination w/military in ways that do not endanger their perceived impartiality, neutrality, independence so demonstrate willingness to be a team player helps

42
Q

how to respect non-military humanitarians/orgs as a mlitary representative during a humanitarian crisis

A

recognize they need to uphold humanitarian principles (impartiality, neutrality, independence) so be a team player and recognize that working with you may cause them to [put themselves in danger or risk their reputation

43
Q

The Sphere PRoject

A

sets standards for humanitaran reponse

44
Q

2 core believes via teh Sphere PRoject

A
  1. all those affected by a disaster or conflict have a right t life w/dignity and right to assistance
  2. all possible steps shoudl be taken to relieve huan suffering caused by disaster or conflict
45
Q

The Sphere Handbook

A

one of the most widely/internationally recognized tools for the delivery or quality humanitarian response

46
Q

MOE

A

measure of effectiveness

47
Q

what service does the military bring to disaster relief

A

logistics

  • infrastructure (powerloss/communicaitons/roads)
  • destroyed/congested airports and seaports
  • lack of stockpiles
48
Q

animals s/p disasters

A

animals living close to people are a disease risk

some keep in their hosue

49
Q

concept presented in The Sphere Handbook

A

based on the concept that people affected by disasters have rights

50
Q

impacted the speed of aid s/p Haiti earthquake

A

the earthquake destoyed the airport an traffic control tower so that impacted the speed of aid

51
Q

concept for the management of disaster logistics response

A

“push not pull”

-needs assessment/affected state critical needs identified to decide what will be pulled through the chain

52
Q

how to coordinate logistical needs during a disaster

A

“push not pull”

*start w/a needs assessment and prioritize the critical needs first as well as the needs that lead to other (roads/storage/communications…)

53
Q

APOD

A

aerial port of debarkation

54
Q

SPOD

A

seaport of deabrkation

55
Q

basis of logistics

A

appropriate supplies in good working order/condition in quantities desired and the needs place/time

  • a system to prioritize critical items first
  • ability to store, stvoe…
56
Q

RFA

A

request for assistance

57
Q

OFDA

A

“off-tah”

  • US Office of Foreign Disaster RElief
  • often the LDA
58
Q

procedure for using military support for civilian humaniatrain crisis

A

when fielding requests for logistical support, military responders must ask the right questions to ensure miltiary assets are beign used effectively and appropriately

  • so if receive a call for miltiary support, ask if the RFA (request for assistance) has been vetted throgh OFTA (Office of Foreign DIsaster Assistance)
  • requesters might not always be direct in how they ask for support and the military responder may have to dig deeper to understand why the request is beign made
  • Q: ask what their objective is rather than askign how the objective will be accomplished and what needs to be accoopmlished to better define the need (5W’s)
  • provide viable alternatives
  • requestors might not udnerstand military capabilities
59
Q

how does OFDA validate and track requests for military aid

A

MITAM “my-tahm”
Mission Tasking Matrix
*asks “what ist he objective of hte request”
*5W’s
*shows how their needs can be met w/the proposed solution

60
Q

Analysis of Infrastructure Vulnerability

A
  • map transport/its capability/constraints on strategic routes for aid/humanitarian response
  • potential secondary effects of weather (road blocks by pop0ular movment/weather)
  • how newly made infraastructure/miodificantions may lead to limits (bridge weight/width)
61
Q

Review of Strategic Resources

A 
inventory
revie the means of transport
examine sites for operational logistics bases
availability of spare parts/fuel supply
seaport/airport viability and its staff
explore nontraidtionary (tugs/barges/)
62
Q

how to find a potential staging area

A

ask the affected state if they have a predetermined staging area

63
Q

why should the affected state use its own emergency framework

A

the affected state shoudl establish a coordination within its national emergency framework

  • military should not create their own
  • they should plug into the primary one by establisgheing their own liaison
64
Q

EOC

A

emergency operations center

65
Q

who is responsible for collecting/analyzing/distributing information for logistical support in affected states

A

affected state’s EOC (emergency operations center) is responsible for collecting/analyzing/distributing information for logistical support

66
Q

DART

A

disaster assistance response team

67
Q

HAST

A

humanitarian assistance survey team

68
Q

UN Cluster Approach -11

A 
camp management
early recovery
education
emergency telecommunication
food security
heath
|logistics
Nutrition
protection
shelter
water/sanitation/hygiene
69
Q

LFA for the Global Cluster Logistics system

A

World Food Program

70
Q

Why is the Wold Food Program so imporant

A

it is the lead agency of hte GLobal Custer Logistics system

71
Q

why is the World Food Program the leading agency for the logistics cluster in the UN Cluster program

A

b/c of their experience in humanitarian logistics and field capacity, the INter-Agency STndign COmmittee chose them as the LFA of hte Logistics cluster

72
Q

impact of the World Food Program

A

at any given time, they have 5K trucks, 92 planes, 20 ships delivering food

73
Q

backbone of any sized task

A

logistics

74
Q

concept of operations

A

CONOPS

75
Q

when does the military provide assets for humanitarian reposne

A

as a last respont when no civilians can provide an equivalent service

76
Q

OCHA

A

UN office for the coordination of of humanitarian affairs

77
Q

POMI

A

Plans, Operations, and Medical INtellgience

78
Q

why is planning an important step

A

planning is essential to decreasing unavoidable lag time between decision and action

79
Q

what is the primary goal of planning

A

the primary goal of planning is not the developpment of elaborate plan - a more enduring goal is the development of a planner who can cope with the inevitable

80
Q

MARO

A

mass atrocity respone operations

81
Q

publication on MARO

A

JP 3-07: Peace Opeartions
MARO: A MIlitary Plannign Handbook
PRotection of Civilians MIlitary Reference guide

82
Q

best way to get ground perspective

A

boots on the ground

83
Q

legal definition of mass atrocity

A

no legal definition of mass atrocity or ethnic cleansing

  • generally systemic widespread
  • crimes considered: genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, ethnic cleansing
84
Q

what does security in a nation require

A

there is no security w/o development & no development w/o secucurity

85
Q

intent to eliminate an ethnic nationality, racial, or religions gorup

A

genocide

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