ONCOLOGY PRELIMS Flashcards
how does biologic therapy work?
induce immune system to attack cancer cells and make cancer cell easier for the body to revognize
main treatment for leukemia and aplastic anemia is?
bone marrow transplant
treatment of choice for brain cancer, bladder, melanoma and testicular cancer
vinblastine
is also called a tumor supressor gene
P53
the main therapy for metastatic cancers
chemotherapy
attacks negatively charged sites of the DNA
alkylating agents
inhibits topoisomerase by forming complex with the enzyme and DNA
anthracyclines
causes cancer by forming free oxygen radicals
anthracyclines
meditation, massage, quack doctors, acupuncture are examples of
CAM II
CAM I are
ingested or injected herbals, vitamins,organics, chemicals, and diets
works by blocking the actions of different hormones to stop cancer from growing
hormone therapy
a novel cancer treatment which works by exposing a photosensitizing drug to specific wavelengths of light to kill cancer cells
PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY PDT
biopsy is used for
diagnostic purposes
cancer vaccine or vaccine therapies mechanism
teaches the immune system to attack and destroy cancer cells
cancer vaccine is similar to
biologic therapy
bind with high affinity to the microtubules and inhibit their normal functions
taxanes
treatment choice for breast and lung cancer
Vinorelbine
deals with tumors including the origin development and diagnosis and treatment of benign and malignant neoplasm
oncology
what is a neoplasm
new growth, uncontrolled growth of abnormal tissue
2 general characteristics of a neoplams
behave as parasite and autonomy
tumor could be due to?
malformation, reparative process, an inflammation, and neoplasm
2 types of neoplasm
benign and malignant
an important feature of malignant tumor is the ability to
metastasize
it is the transfer of cancer cells to other parts of the body
metastasis
it is the capability to induce cancer
oncogenicity
any gene that is a causative factor in the initiation of cancerous growth
cell proliferation growth stes
regeneration, hyperplasia, metaplasia, dysplasia, anaplasia
criterias by which a diagnosis is made in primary lesions
anaplasia and evidence of invasion
variable in size and shape
pleomorphism
adaptive substitution by one type of adult or fully differentiated cell to another
metaplasia
the main cause of metaplasia is
vitamin A deficiency
T OR F: metaplasia of the connective tissue is reversible
F= it is irreversible because it causes permanent damage to the site of injury
four characteristics of dysplasia
loss of uniformity of the individual cells
loss of architectural orientation
pleomorphism
hyperchromatic nuclei
cells of benign or malignant neoplasm
oncocytes
quantitative increas ein cells
hyperplasia
ability to regrow lost body parts
regeneration
localized tumors
benign tumors
carcinomas are malignant tumors of?
epithelial tissues
sarcomas are malignant tumors of ?
mesenchymal tissues
chondroma
benign tumor of the cartiliganous tissue
parenchyma are
the cells of a neoplasm
it is the supporting layer of connective tissue, blood vessels, and lymphatics of the parenchyma
stroma
fleshy tumor
sarcoma
firm tumor
desmoplasia/ schirrous tumor
very little fibrous stroma soft and fleshy
sarcoma
t or f: neoplastic cells divide more rapidly than normal cell
tama tih
pathway wherein reimplantation of cancer happens on distant sites
seeding of cancer
breast cancer pathway
lymphatic drainage
due to unsterilized instruments
transplantation
pass through capillaries
blood vessels invasion
mechanisms of invasion
a. laminin molecule
2. attachment of tumor cells in the laminin molecule
3. attachment of the tumor cell to the basement membrane via the laminin molecule
4. dissolution
5. invasion
enumerate the epithelial odontogenic tumor (5)
- ameloblastoma
- calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor
- adenomatoid odontogenic tumor
4.squamous odontogenic tumor - clear cell odontogenic tumor
located in mandibular molar areas
ameloblastoma
it is the soft tissue counterpart of ameloblastoma
extraosseous peripheral ameloblastoma
clinical features of ameloblastoma
- benign non agressive course
- asymptomatic jaw expansion
-tooth movement and malocclusion - affects impacted posterior teeth
t or f: ameloblastomas are only unilocular
false: both multi and unilocular
polarization of cells around proliferating rest, budding of tumor cells, loosely arranged cells in the middle
ameloblastoma
multicystic lesions:surgical excision
unicystic lesion
enucleation
pinborg tumor is also known ans
calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor
etiology of CEOT
unknown
snow driven appearance
CEOT
can be mixed lucent and opaque
ceot
the radiopaque foci in CEOT represents
calcified islands
histopathological salient feature of CEOT is the presence of
LIESEGANG RINGSB
T OR F: anaplasia can be seen in CEOT
true
molar ramus region
ceot
presenec of enameloid islands
adenomatoid odontogenic tumor
adenomatoid odontogenic tumor is also known as
2/3 tumor
location of adenomatoid odontogenic tumor
anterior portion of the maxilla
divergence of roots between anterior teeth
AOT
rosettes or duct like structures are salient features of
adenomatoid odontogenic tumor
differential diagnosis of AOT
dentigerous cyst, lateral root cyst, ceot, calcifying odontogenic cell
the only malignant epithelial odontogenic tumor is
clear cell odontogenic tumor
location of squamous odontogenic tumor
anterior maxilla nd posterior mandible
etiology og squamous odontogenic tumor
neoplastic transformation of the epithelial rests of malassez
anterior portion of the maxilla
aot
the presence of enameloid materials scattered
aot
well circumscribed with semilunar lesions in the roots
Squamous odonogenic tumore
found more in women over 60 yrs of age
clear cell odontogenic tumor
locally aggressive and metastases to lungs and regional lymph nodes
ccot
treatment for CCOT
en bloc resection
poor prognosis
CCOT
enumerate the mesenchymal odontogenic tumor
odontogenic myxoma, central odontogenic fibroma, cementifying fibroma, cementoblastoma, periapical cemental dysplasia
there is cortical expansion rather than perforation
odontogenic myxoma
female around 40 years old are effected
cementifying fibroma
similar to ameloblastoma
central odontogenic fibroma
treatment for cementifying odontogenic fibroma is
enucleation or excision
histopathology shows globules surrounded by eosinophilic cementoid and cementoblasts
cementifying fibroma
treatment of cementifying fibroma
sacrifice affected too throigh enucleation and excision
biopsy is needed in this tumor
florid osseous dysplasia/pagets disease
why is biopsy needed in pagets disease
to rule out serum alkaline phosphate
treatment for florid osseous dysplasia
no treatment is necessary
hamartoma rather than a neoplasm
odontoma
odontoma is common in what age group
children and young adults
compound odontoma location
anterior
complex odontoma location
posterior
stages of periapical cemental dysplasia
early:
mature:
final:
continuous wiht the PDL space
mottled appearance due to bone repaire
solid opaque lesionsurrounded by lucent ring
amorphous masses or cauliflower in appearance on a radiograph
complex odontoma
appearance of compund odontoma
several mature teeth in a single focus
presence of ghost cell keratinization
odontoma
there is general absence of collagen
ameloblastic fibroma, fibroodontoma
genes can be used to prevent blood vessels from forming thus starving tumor to death in a process called
antiangiogenesis
stops cancer cell multiplication and replication
vinca alkaloids
act by forming a complex with topoisomerase and DNA resulting in the inhibition and function of the topoisomerase enzyme
camptothecan analogs
most potent carcinogens
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbonswe
weak carcinogens
direct acting alkylating agents
degrees of risk to UV
quantity of melanin on the skin and intensity of exposure
