analgesics Flashcards
a drug which relieves pain without loss of consciousness
analgesics
drugs with antipyretic, antiinflammatory, and analgesic effects
NSAIDS
NSAIDs stand for
non steroidal anti inflammatory drugs
2 main groups of analgesics
a. opioid/morphine like
b. non opioid/ aspirin like
it is the most important opium
morphine
what are the 3 opioid receptor in the system
mu, delta, kappa receptors
explain pain perception
a. nociceptors- will detect stimulus
b. secondary neurons- carry message
c. spinal cord (dorsal horn)- receive message and bring it to the brain
d. hypothalamus- perceives sitmulus as pain
3 neurotransmitters in the pre synaptic neuron for pain
substance p, glutamate, cgrp (calcitonin gene related peptide)
MOA of opioids
a. opioids act on receptors (mu delta kappa)
b. opening of potassium channels- K will leave to reduce sensitivity to excitatory pain signals and inhibitors
c. closing of calcium- less activation of the 3 neurotransmitters
synthetic opioids
hydrocodone, hydromorphone, oxycodone, oxymorphone,fentanyl,mepiradine,
potent antagonist and agonist of both NMDA and AMPA
Methadone
mixed agonist and antagonist
buprenorphine
naloxone
is an antagonist of opioids
cox 1
thromboxane prostaglandin
identify if cox 1 or cox 2
a. fever
cox 2
identify if cox 1 or cox 2:
induced by the body
cox 1
identify if cox 1 or cox 2:
renal perfusion
cox 1
identify if cox 1 or cox 2:
platelet aggregation.activation
cox 1
identify if cox 1 or cox 2:
platelet inhibition
cox 2
MOA of NSAIDS
block cox1 and cox2 enzymes
what nsaids are given to mild to moderate pain
low dose of ibuprofen and paracetamol
paracetamol is an NSAID t or F
F- not an nsaid, does not have anti inflammatory effects
post extraction drugs
ketorolac, propionic acid derivatives, diclofenac
acetaminophen and etoricoxib can not be given to patients with gastric problems, T or F
F- can be given
patients with anaphylactoid reaction to aspirin
any cox 2 inhibitors (meloxicam, diclofenac, celecoxib)
pediatric patients
paracetamol, aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen
swelling of brain and liver, associated with aspirin during viral infection
reyes sydrome
pregnant women
paracetamol is the safest: low dose of aspirin
CVD and stroke
avoid etoricoxib and celecoxibs
could be given ibuprofen and low dose of aspirin
