analgesics

Question 1

a drug which relieves pain without loss of consciousness

Answer 1

analgesics

Question 2

drugs with antipyretic, antiinflammatory, and analgesic effects

Answer 2

NSAIDS

Question 3

NSAIDs stand for

Answer 3

non steroidal anti inflammatory drugs

Question 4

2 main groups of analgesics

Answer 4

a. opioid/morphine like
b. non opioid/ aspirin like

Question 5

it is the most important opium

Answer 5

morphine

Question 6

what are the 3 opioid receptor in the system

Answer 6

mu, delta, kappa receptors

Question 7

explain pain perception

Answer 7

a. nociceptors- will detect stimulus
b. secondary neurons- carry message
c. spinal cord (dorsal horn)- receive message and bring it to the brain
d. hypothalamus- perceives sitmulus as pain

Question 8

3 neurotransmitters in the pre synaptic neuron for pain

Answer 8

substance p, glutamate, cgrp (calcitonin gene related peptide)

Question 9

MOA of opioids

Answer 9

a. opioids act on receptors (mu delta kappa)
b. opening of potassium channels- K will leave to reduce sensitivity to excitatory pain signals and inhibitors
c. closing of calcium- less activation of the 3 neurotransmitters

Question 10

synthetic opioids

Answer 10

hydrocodone, hydromorphone, oxycodone, oxymorphone,fentanyl,mepiradine,

Question 11

potent antagonist and agonist of both NMDA and AMPA

Answer 11

Methadone

Question 12

mixed agonist and antagonist

Answer 12

buprenorphine

Question 13

naloxone

Answer 13

is an antagonist of opioids

Question 14

cox 1

Answer 14

thromboxane prostaglandin

Question 15

identify if cox 1 or cox 2
a. fever

Answer 15

cox 2

Question 16

identify if cox 1 or cox 2:
induced by the body

Answer 16

cox 1

Question 17

identify if cox 1 or cox 2:
renal perfusion

Answer 17

cox 1

Question 18

identify if cox 1 or cox 2:
platelet aggregation.activation

Answer 18

cox 1

Question 19

identify if cox 1 or cox 2:
platelet inhibition

Answer 19

cox 2

Question 20

MOA of NSAIDS

Answer 20

block cox1 and cox2 enzymes

Question 21

what nsaids are given to mild to moderate pain

Answer 21

low dose of ibuprofen and paracetamol

Question 22

paracetamol is an NSAID t or F

Answer 22

F- not an nsaid, does not have anti inflammatory effects

Question 23

post extraction drugs

Answer 23

ketorolac, propionic acid derivatives, diclofenac

Question 24

acetaminophen and etoricoxib can not be given to patients with gastric problems, T or F

Answer 24

F- can be given

Question 25

patients with anaphylactoid reaction to aspirin

Answer 25

any cox 2 inhibitors (meloxicam, diclofenac, celecoxib)

Question 26

pediatric patients

Answer 26

paracetamol, aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen

Question 27

swelling of brain and liver, associated with aspirin during viral infection

Answer 27

reyes sydrome

Question 28

pregnant women

Answer 28

paracetamol is the safest: low dose of aspirin

Question 29

CVD and stroke

Answer 29

avoid etoricoxib and celecoxibs
could be given ibuprofen and low dose of aspirin