Oncology Flashcards
Most common posterior fossa mass
medulloblastoma (typically age 5-7)
Ewing Sarcoma
onion-skin appearance/laminated periosteal reaction
Acanthosis Nigricans association with cancer
gastric cancer
Gastric Cancer Associations
- acanthosis nigricans
- Trousseau syndrome
- Leser-Trelat (diffuse SKs)
Treatment for Metastatic Prostate Disease
mainstay if ADT including orchiectomy, GnRH agonist or GnRH antagonist
also docetaxel
Gleascon Scores that are typically low risk
less than or equal to 6
Types of Non Small Cell Lung Cancer
Adenocarcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma
large cell carcinoma
Adenocarcinoma Lung Cancer
ususally peripheral located
non-smokers as well
Squamous Cell Carcinoma / Lung Cancer
Usually central airway
Large Cell Carcinoma / Lung Cancer
usually with necrosis
TNM staging
T - primary
N - nodes
M - metastasis
Canditates for Breast Cancer Chemoprophylaxis
- lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS)
- atypical hyperplasia
Breast Cancer Screening in BRCA1/2 patients
MRI age 25
mammogram age 30
yearly MRI + mammogram
Breast Cancer - SERMs
Tamoxifen + Raloxifene
pre or postmenopausal
Breast Cancer - Aromatase Inhibitors
Anastrozole + Exemestane
postmenopausal
Breast Cancer - DCIS treatment
lumpectomy, can be followed by masectomy + radiation
ER+: tamoxifen or AIs
Breast Cancer - When is Lumpectomy + RT preferred
tumors less than 5 cm +w/o high risk
Breast Cancer - Duration of SERMS + AIs
at least 5 years, preferably 10
Transtuzamb AE
cardiomyopathy, fever, chills
Breast Cancer Triple Negative Adjuvant Chemo
doxorubicin + cyclophos + taxane
BRCA 1/2 Cancers: Agent if multiple failed regiments
poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor: olapurib
Metastatic Breast Cancer/Reoccurrence First Line Agents
Fulvestrant (inhibit estrogen receptor function)
CDk4/6 Inhibitor: Palbociclib
Ovarian Cancer Risk Factors
age, nulliparity
PCOS, endometriosis
IUD, cigarette smoking
BRCA 1/2, Lynch Syndrome (HNPCC)
Ovarian Cancer Treatment
surgery (sometimes alone)
platinum-taxane chemo (IP & IV)
Drug for Metastatic Cervical Cancer
Bevacizumab (anti-VEGF)
Cervical Cancer Treatment
surgery
+/- chemo (platinum based)
+/- radiation
Rectal Cancer Treatment
RADIATION + chemo +/- surgery
Colorectal Cancer Treatment - Stage I & II
Surgery
Colorectal Cancer Treatment - Stage III
LN involvement
surg + chemo (FOLFOX or CAPOX)
Colorectal Cancer Treatment - Stage IV
LNs + organs
Chemo (FOLFOX or CAPOX)
bevacizumab/VEGF
Colorectal Cancer - Associated Mutations
KRAS, NRAS, BRAF
Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Pancreatic Cancer
gemcitabine + capecitabine
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors
- types of sarcomas
- associated with KIT gene, DOG-1
- Treat with imatinib
NSCLC Treatment
early stage: surgical resection +/- chemo (cisplatin)
advanced - chemo + surg or chemo + RT
NSCLC Metastatic Disease Treatment and Targeted Therapy
EGFR (ALK or ROS), crizotinib
PD-LI such as pembrolizumab
Small Cell Lung Cancer required imaging for diagnosis/staging
whole body bone scintigraphy + MRI of the brain (60% with mets to brain at diagnosis)
Small Cell Lung Cancer Treatment
cisplatin + etopiside + radiation
prophylatic cranial irriadiation
Head and Neck Cancer Treatment
surgery
sometimes radiation for larynx
metastatic = chemo (cisplatin)
Seminoma treatment
Radiation + Surgery +/- Chemo (cisplatin)
Nonseminoma treatment
Surgery + Chemo (cisplatin) + RPLND (retroperitoneal LN dissection)
Renal Cell Carcinoma Neoparaplastic Syndromes
hypercalcemia
anemia or erythrocytosis
AA amyloidosis
polymyalgia rheumatic
Stauffer Syndrome
hepatic dysfunction w/o liver mets in RCC
RCC Treatment
radical/partical nephrectomy
Sunitinib
PD-L1 nivolumab
VEGF inhibitiors levatinib
Oligometastatic colon cancer
less than three lesions in liver –> resect
