Oncology

Question 1

What subtypes of HPV are carcinogenic and increase risk of cervical cancer?

Answer 1

HPV subtypes 16,18, 33

Question 2

All hail Tox Bear

Answer 2

Question 3

Tumour marker in breast cancer?

Answer 3

CA 15-3

Question 4

What is calcitonin a tumour marker for?

Answer 4

Medullary thyroi cancer

Question 5

What is the tumour marker 19-9 associated with?

Answer 5

Pancreatic cancer

Question 6

Adverse effects of cyclopgosphamide?

Answer 6

Haemorrhagic cystitis, myelosuppression, transitional cell carcinoma

Question 7

Adverse effect of bleomycin?

Answer 7

Lung fibrosis

Question 8

Adverse effects of anthracyclines?

Answer 8

Cardiomyopathy

Question 9

Adverse effect of methotrexate

Answer 9

Myelosuppression, mucositis, liver fibrosis, lung fibrosis

Question 10

Adverse effects of fluoruracil?

Answer 10

Myelosuppression, mucositis, dermatitis

Question 11

Adverse effect of 6-mercaptopurine

Answer 11

Myelosuppression

Question 12

Adverse effects of cytarabine?

Answer 12

Myelosuppression and ataxia

Question 13

Adverse effects of vincristine and vinblastine?

Answer 13

Vincristine: Peripheral neuropathy (reversible) , paralytic ileus
Vinblastine: myelosuppression

Question 14

Adverse effect of docetaxel?

Answer 14

Neutropenia

Question 15

Adverse effect of irinotecan?

Answer 15

Myelosuppression

Question 16

Adverse effect of cisplatin?

Answer 16

Otoxicity
Peripheral neuropathy
Hypomagnesaemia

Question 17

Adverse effects of hydroxyurea?

Answer 17

Myelosuppression

Question 18

HPVs associated with genital warts?

Answer 18

6 and 11

Question 19

Lung cancer with strongest association with smoking?

Answer 19

squamous cell carcinoma

Question 20

Management of possible neoplastic spinal cord compression while awaiting investigations?

Answer 20

High dose oral dexamethasone

Question 21

What is tumour lysis syndrome?

Answer 21

Potentially deadly condition related to the treatment of high-grade lymphomas and leukaemias. It can occur in the absence of chemotherapy but is usually triggered by the introduction of combination chemotherapy.

Question 22

Patients at high risk of TLS should be given what?

Answer 22

IV allopurinol or IV rasburicase immediately prior to and during the first days of chemotherapy

Question 23

What is rasburicase?

Answer 23

Rasburicase is a recombinant version of urate oxidase, an enzyme that metabolizes uric acid to allantoin. Allantoin is much more water-soluble than uric acid and is, therefore, more easily excreted by the kidney

Question 24

Tumour lysis cells biochemistry outcomes?

Answer 24

High potassium and high phosphate level in the presence of a low calcium.

Question 25

Most common cause of neutropenic sepsis?

Answer 25

Coagulase-negative, Gram-positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus epidermidis

Question 26

Translocation associated with acute promyelocytic leukaemia?

Answer 26

t(15;17) translocation

Question 27

Features of acute promyelotic leukemia?

Answer 27

presents younger than other types of AML (average = 25 years old)
DIC or thrombocytopenia often at presentation
good prognosis

Question 28

What are thymomas associated with?

Answer 28

myasthenia gravis (30-40% of patients with thymoma)
red cell aplasia
dermatomyositis
also : SLE, SIADH

Question 29

Drugs that can trigger haemolytic anaemia in those with G6PD deficiency

Answer 29

anti-malarials: primaquine
ciprofloxacin
sulph- group drugs: sulphonamides, sulphasalazine, sulfonylureas